Anti-il-36r antibody formulations

ABSTRACT

The present invention relates to anti-IL-36R formulations for administration to a subject.

SEQUENCE LISTING

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FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical formulation for a therapeutic antibody. More specifically, the present invention relates to a pharmaceutical formulation for an anti-IL-36R antibody disclosed herein.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The anti-IL-36R antibodies described herein reduce or block IL36 ligand-mediated signaling and are useful in treating diseases or conditions associate with such signaling. There is a need for a stable liquid or lyophilized antibody formulation for the anti-IL-36R antibodies, which is suitable for parenteral administration, including intravenous, intramuscular, or subcutaneous injection to a human.

Therapeutic antibodies are large and complex molecules and, as such, subject to degradation processes, particularly in the liquid state. While antibody production and purification is a well-controlled process, developing a formulation which is stable and is suitable for delivery to the patient is a challenge. The instabilities of antibodies are a major obstacle for commercial development of antibody drugs. For instance, antibody preparations can have short shelf lives and antibodies may lose biological activity resulting from chemical and physical degradation during the storage. Chemical degradation processes include deamidation, racemization, hydrolysis, oxidation, beta elimination and disulfide exchange. Physical degradation processes include denaturation, aggregation, precipitation and adsorption (Cleland et al., Critical Reviews in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems, 1993, 10(4): 307-377). Although antibodies share certain structural similarities, development of commercially viable antibody pharmaceuticals has not been straightforward because of their unique and somewhat unpredictable solution behavior. Due to the significant difference in the primary sequence among different antibodies, the relative severity of the degradation pathways (e.g., denaturation, aggregation, surface adsorption, deamidation, oxidation, isomerization, fragmentation, etc.) can be significantly different. (Wang et al., J Pharm Sci., Antibody Structure, Instability, and Formulation, 2007, 96(1):1-26).

A number of formulation references are listed below.

U.S. Pat. No. 10,166,993 describes a reduced-viscosity concentrated protein formulation including a protein in an amount of at least about 80 mg/mL, a buffer in an amount of at least about 50 mM, so as to have a pH of about 4.2 to about 4.9 or about 7.1 to about 12.0 and having kinematic viscosity of about 50 cs or less at 25° C., which makes the formulation suitable for subcutaneous administration.

WO 2011/109365 describes a formulation comprising a concentrated protein in an amount greater than 100 mg/mL or less than about 200 mg/mL, a tonicifier of a salt and a buffer present in a combined amount of from about 110 mM to about 120 mM and a surfactant, wherein the formulation is hypotonic (having an osmolality of less than 290 milliOsmol (mOsm)).

U.S. Pat. No. 9,517,226 describes a formulation for anti-c-Met antibody. It discloses a liquid formulation of an anti-c-Met antibody, which contains a surfactant, a buffer, and a liquid medium, and the buffer includes succinic acid, citric acid or a combination thereof.

WO 2016/128564 describes pharmaceutical composition including an antibody, at least one buffer agent selected from the group consisting of acetate and histidine, at least one amino acid selected from the group consisting of glycine, asparagine and glutamine, and/or at least one excipient selected from the group consisting of trehalose, and mannitol, and a surfactant, wherein the pH of the composition is 5.0 to 6.5.

Despite the information these or similar references provide, it is conventionally understood that antibodies with different sequences behave unpredictably under a variety of conditions including shaking, long-term storage, exposure to light, freeze-thawing process, lyophilization process, etc.

It is unpredictable how one antibody would behave in a formulation that was prepared specifically with or for another antibody or protein. For example, a slight variation in formulation can destabilize a protein and result in aggregation.

Protein aggregates generally have reduced activity and more importantly, greater immunogenicity potential because of the multiplicity of epitopes and/or conformational changes. Immunoglobulin aggregates have been shown to cause serious renal failure and anaphylactoid reactions such as headache, fever, and chills (Wang et al., supra).

Accordingly, there exists a need for stable formulation of the anti-IL-36R antibodies described herein that exhibit for instance increased stability, low to undetectable levels of physical or chemical degradation, and little to no loss of the biological activity of the antibodies, even during long periods of storage.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention addresses the above needs by providing stable liquid or lyophilized pharmaceutical formulations of anti-IL-36R antibody as described further below. In particular, the present invention provides stable liquid or powder pharmaceutical formulations of the anti-IL-36R antibodies disclosed herein. The anti-IL-36R antibody formulations of the present invention are useful for administration to mammals, particularly humans or patients suffering from autoimmune or other malignant diseases. The formulation according to the present invention has improved properties compared to other formulations existing in the art, as will be described below.

In a first aspect, the present invention provides a pharmaceutical formulation of an anti-IL-36R antibody, wherein said formulation comprises a therapeutic amount of an anti-IL-36R antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof (disclosed herein) and i) a pharmaceutically acceptable buffer; or ii) a pharmaceutically acceptable tonicifying agent; or iii) a pharmaceutically acceptable stabilizing agent; or iv) a pharmaceutically acceptable salt; or v) a pharmaceutically acceptable surfactant; or vi) a pharmaceutically acceptable buffer and a pharmaceutically acceptable tonicifying agent; or vii) a pharmaceutically acceptable buffer, a pharmaceutically acceptable tonicifying agent and a pharmaceutically acceptable stabilizing agent; or viii) a pharmaceutically acceptable buffer, a pharmaceutically acceptable tonicifying agent, a pharmaceutically acceptable stabilizing agent and a pharmaceutically acceptable salt; or ix) a pharmaceutically acceptable buffer, a pharmaceutically acceptable tonicifying agent, a pharmaceutically acceptable stabilizing agent, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and a pharmaceutically acceptable surfactant; each in pharmaceutically acceptable quantities and at a pharmaceutically acceptable pH.

In a second aspect, the present invention relates to a pharmaceutical formulation of a therapeutic anti-IL-36R antibody or antibody fragment (disclosed herein), wherein said formulation comprises: (a) the anti-IL-36R antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof present at a concentration within the range from about 0.5 mg/mL to about 220 mg/mL and (b) a pharmaceutically acceptable buffer; wherein the formulation is characterized by a pH within the range from about 5 to about 8. In an embodiment relating to this aspect, the buffer is present at a concentration within the range from about 20 mM to about 80 mM. In another embodiment relating to this aspect, the formulation further comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable tonicifying agent. In a related embodiment, the tonicifying agent is present at a concentration of about 100 mM to about 250 mM.

In a third aspect, the present invention provides a pharmaceutical product comprising a vial or syringe and devices (e.g. autoinjector, needle safety device) for administration, the pharmaceutical product comprises the pharmaceutical formulation according to any of the first or second aspect the present invention.

In a forth aspect, the present invention relates to a method of making a pharmaceutical formulation of the present invention, said method comprising: a) culturing mammalian cells having stably incorporated into their genome one or more nucleic acids encoding the light and heavy chains of an anti-IL-36R antibody (as disclosed herein) so that the cells secrete the antibody into the cell culture media, and purifying the antibody from the cell culture media; and b) preparing the formulation according to any of the first or second aspects.

In a fifth aspect, the present invention relates to a method of reducing aggregation and/or fragmentation of an anti-IL-36R antibody disclosed herein, comprising formulating the antibody in a buffer system and surfactant and evaluating data (e.g. any antibody aggregation) before and after the antibody is formulated. In an embodiment relating to the fifth aspect, the antibody is formulated according to any of the embodiments of the first or second aspects.

In a sixth aspect, the present invention relates to a kit of parts, including at least a container including a pharmaceutical formulation according to any of aspects first or second, and an injection device according to aspect third. In an embodiment relating to the sixth aspect, the injection device is a pre-assembled injection device including an autoinjector or a needle safety device. In a related embodiment, the autoinjector or needle safety device each includes: (a) about 300 mg of the antibody in a total volume of about 2 mL; (b) about 225 mg of the antibody in a total volume of about 1.5 mL; (c) about 150 mg of the antibody in a total volume of about 1 mL; (d) about 75 mg of the antibody in a total volume of about 0.5 mL; or (e) about 60 mg of the antibody in a total volume of about 0.4 mL.

According to yet another aspect of the present invention, the use of a formulation according to the invention, of a pre-assembled injection device according to the invention or of a kit of parts according to the invention, for infusion, intravenous and/or subcutaneous administration is provided.

According to yet another aspect of the present invention, the use of a formulation according to the invention, of a pre-assembled injection device according to the invention or of a kit of parts according to the invention, for treatment of at least one disease selected from the group consisting of autoimmune disorders and/or malignant diseases is provided. Non-restricting examples for autoimmune disorders covered by said definition include psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease or psoriatic arthritis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD), asthma, scleroderma, palmoplantar pustulosis, generalized pustular psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, diabetic nephropathy, lupus nephritis, scleroderma, ankylosing spondylitis, deficiency in the IL-36 receptor antagonist autoimmune disease (DITRA), deficiency in the IL-1 receptor antagonist autoimmune disease (DIRA) or cryopyrin associated periodic syndromes (CAPS), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), scleroderma, Sjogren's syndrome, multiple sclerosis, psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease (e.g., ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease), pulmonary inflammation, asthma, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purara (ITP) epithelial inflammatory disorders, fibrosis and ankylosing spondylitis. In a further preferred embodiment the kit comprises instructions for subcutaneous or intramuscular administration of the formulation to a subject.

Additional features and advantages of the subject technology will be set forth in the description below, and in part will be apparent from the description, or may be learned by practice of the subject technology. The advantages of the subject technology will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.

It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory and are intended to provide further explanation of the subject technology as claimed.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

FIG. 1 shows the colloidal stability by diffusion coefficient, measured by DLS. Protein concentration in the respective buffers was varied from 5 to 20 mg/mL, as shown on X-axis. Diffusion coefficient is shown on the Y-axis of the tested buffers.

FIG. 2 shows the high molecular weight (HMW) results measured by HP-SEC (Y-axis). Results after one (black columns) and three (shaded columns) freeze—thaw cycle (FT) with polysorbate 20 (PS20) amounts of 0, 0.02, 0.04 and 0.06% (w/v) are provided.

FIG. 3 shows the high molecular weight (HMW) results measured by HP-SEC (Y-axis). Solution with polysorbate 20 (PS20) concentrations of 0, 0.02, 0.04 and 0.06% (w/v) were shaken. Results are shown after 3, 6, 24 and 48 hours of shaking at room temperature (RT).

FIG. 4 shows high molecular weight (HMW) results measured by HP-SEC (Y-axis). Six formulations (F1 to F6) with anti-IL-36R antibody at a target protein concentration of 150 mg/mL were stored at 40° C. Data after storage for 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks (8w) are pictured on the X-axis.

FIG. 5 shows viscosity data of different proteins (Anti-IL-36R Antibody, Protein C, Protein D) and different formulations (Form. I, Form. V, Form. VIII, Form. IX, Form. VI, Form. VII) with protein concentrations of 145 to 189 mg/mL at 20° C. Additionally viscosity data of anti-IL-36R antibody at a protein concentration of 60 mg/mL is given. Viscosity values are shown on Y-axis. Protein formulations with increasing protein concentration are given on X-axis.

FIG. 6 shows high molecular weight (HMW) results measured by HP-SEC (Y-axis). Two formulations (F1 and F2) were stored at 2-8° C. Data after storage up to 36 months for F1 and 30 months for F2 are depicted.

FIG. 7 shows turbidity results analyzed by 90° light scattering at 400-600 nm (Y-axis). Data after storage up to 3 months at stress conditions at 40° C. for F1 and F2 (reference formulation) are shown on the X-axis.

FIG. 8 shows high molecular weight (HMW) results measured by HP-SEC. Data after storage up to 3 months at stress conditions at 40° C. for F1 and F2 (reference formulation) are depicted.

FIG. 9 shows turbidity results analyzed by 90° light scattering at 400-600 nm (Y-axis). Data prior to lyophilization, after lyophilization as well as after storage of the lyophilized powder formulation up to 6 months at stressed conditions at 40° C. are given on the X-axis.

FIG. 10 shows high molecular weight (HMW) results measured by HP-SEC (Y-axis). Data prior to lyophilization, after lyophilization as well as after storage of the lyophilized powder formulation up to 6 months at stressed conditions at 40° C. are depicted.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Without wishing to be bound by any theory or mechanism, the present invention is in part based on the unexpected discovery that showed that an anti-IL-36R formulation of the present invention with the lowest melting temperature value (Tm) correlated with the most promising properties, i.e., minimized protein-protein interaction, highest degree of diffusivity and increased long-term stability. See the Examples. This is contrary to the conventional notion that an increased Tm correlates with an increased long-term stability of the proteins studied (see, e.g., He et al., J Pharm Sci 2011; 100:1330-40).

As discussed earlier, physical and chemical instability of antibodies is a complex function of solution conditions, temperature and their primary structure. Antibodies are for example susceptible to deamidation, isomerization, oxidation, proteolysis, aggregation and other modifications. These phenomena are suspected to result in decreasing efficacy or even potential clinical side-effects or toxicity, since aggregates can reduce the efficacy and enhance the immunogenicity of the protein drug. Antibody aggregation is also a source of batch to batch variability in the antibody production chain and its control leads to regulatory and quality control burden which have extremely costly consequences. Further, aggregation of antibodies affects their stability in storage, including shelf-life and their useable administration time, once removed from optimum storage conditions.

An aqueous antibody formulation usually requires at least a buffer to maintain a given pH range, and a tonicifying agent to ensure that the formulation has a similar osmolality as physiological liquids.

It is desirable to provide therapeutic antibodies for the treatment of chronic diseases in a form that they can be administered by the patient himself or herself (“home use” or “self-administration” or “self-injection”), because, in many cases, the drug will have to be administered frequently for a long time. The suitability of a formulation for self-administration will thus increase patient compliance and reduce costs, as the patient does not have to see medical personnel each time he or she needs the drug injected.

In solutions, which are not stored at optimum conditions, such as at increased temperatures above the recommended range of 2-8° C., unwanted degradation occurs, which includes the formation of insoluble and/or soluble aggregates. Those insoluble and soluble aggregates are likely to be formed in the liquid state by association of the antibody molecules. In cases when a liquid formulation is stored for a long period of time, the bioactivity of the antibody molecules can be reduced due to e.g. aggregation or oxidation. The cycle of freezing and thawing may also lead to the formation of degraded and aggregated antibody molecules.

As a result the solutions may exhibit lowered activity, increased toxicity, and/or increased immunogenicity. Indeed, polypeptide precipitation can lead to thrombosis, non-homogeneity of dosage form, and immune reactions. Thus, the safety and efficacy of any pharmaceutical formulation of a polypeptide is directly related to its stability.

However, the suitability for self-administration creates new challenges with respect to shelf life. The patient will have to store considerable amounts of drug at home, where storage conditions are often less suitable than in a medical practice. A formulation comprising a therapeutic antibody, which is suitable for self-administration will thus have to exceed existing formulations in terms of storage stability even under suboptimal conditions, e.g. break in the cooling chain or condition under which the formulation or drug product should remain.

For home use and/or self-administration, the patient needs to administer the drug subcutaneously or intramuscularly. In order to deliver the required amount, the drug dose for home use often requires a higher protein concentration than needed for intraveneous use due to injection volume limitations. A higher protein concentration, however, increases the viscosity of the solution. As the viscosity increases, the drug delivery by a syringe needle becomes challenging. Additionally, some buffer solutions are known to cause pain when present in products administered subcutaneously or intramuscularly.

Thus, there is a need for stable, antibody formulations that provide dosing advantages and administrative advantages, particularly with respect to improved stability in storage, including shelf-life and their useable administration.

The above-mentioned problems are solved by the embodiments characterized in the claims and described further below.

Definitions

A phrase such as “an aspect” does not imply that such aspect is essential to the present invention or that such aspect applies to all configurations of the subject technology. A disclosure relating to an aspect may apply to all configurations, or one or more configurations. An aspect may provide one or more examples of the disclosure. A phrase such as “an aspect” may refer to one or more aspects and vice versa. A phrase such as “an embodiment” does not imply that such embodiment is essential to the subject technology or that such embodiment applies to all configurations of the subject technology. A disclosure relating to an embodiment may apply to all embodiments, or one or more embodiments. An embodiment may provide one or more examples of the disclosure.

The term “about” shall generally mean an acceptable degree of error or variation for the quantity measured given the nature or precision of the measurements. Typical, exemplary degrees of error or variation are within 5% or within 3% or within 1% of a given value or range of values. For example, the expression of “about 100” includes 105 and 95 or 103 and 97 or 101 and 99, and all values in between (e.g., 95.1, 95.2, etc. for range of 95-105; or 97.1, 97.2, etc. for the range of 97-103; 99.1, 99.2, etc. for the range of 99-101). Numerical quantities given herein are approximates unless stated otherwise, meaning that the term “about” can be inferred when not expressly stated.

The general embodiments “comprising” or “comprise” as used herein encompass the more specific embodiment “consisting of”. Furthermore, singular and plural forms are not used in a limiting way. As used herein, the singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” designate both the singular and the plural, unless expressly stated to designate the singular only.

A “pharmaceutical formulation” or “formulation” refers to the process but also the product of a process in which an active drug or agent is combined with chemical substances to produce a final medicinal or drug product, the final formulation therefore refers to medicinal products such as liquids, powders or compositions. Therefore, in one embodiment, a pharmaceutical formulation is a pharmaceutical composition.

A “pharmaceutical composition” refers in this context to a liquid or powder preparation which is in such form as to permit the biological activity of the active ingredient(s) to be unequivocally effective, and which contains no additional components which are significantly toxic to the subjects to which the composition would be administered. Such compositions are sterile. A “powder” refers to a freeze-dried or lyophilized or a spray-dried pharmaceutical composition for parenteral use. The powder is reconstituted or dissolved typically in water. Lyophilisation is a low temperature dehydration process which involves freezing the product, lowering pressure, then removing the ice by sublimation. Freeze drying results in a high quality product because of the low temperature used in processing. For a well-developed lyophilized formulation, the shape and appearance of the product is maintained over time and the quality of the rehydrated product is excellent. Spray drying is a method of producing a dry powder from a liquid or slurry by rapidly drying with a hot gas and with the goal of achieving a consistent particle size distribution.

As used herein, the term “Water” refers to water for injection.

The “Pharmaceutically acceptable” excipients (vehicles, additives) are those which are suitable for parenteral administration to a subject.

In one embodiment, the pharmaceutical formulation of the present invention is stable.

“Stability” refers to chemical stability and physical stability and can be evaluated qualitatively and/or quantitatively using various analytical techniques that are described in the art and are reviewed in for example Peptide and Protein Drug Delivery, 247-301, Vincent Lee Ed., Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, N.Y., Pubs. (1991) and Jones, A. Adv. Drug Delivery Rev. 10: 29-90 (1993). Those methods include the evaluation of aggregate and particle formation (for example using size exclusion chromatography, by measuring turbidity, sub-visible particles by light obscuration of or microflow imaging, and/or by visual inspection); by assessing charge heterogeneity using cation exchange chromatography or capillary isoelectric focusing; mass spectrometric analysis; capillary gel electrophoresis (CGE) analysis to compare reduced and intact antibody; peptide map (for example tryptic or Lys-C digest) analysis; evaluating biological activity or antigen binding function of the antibody; etc. Instability may involve any one or more of: aggregation, deamidation (e.g. Asn deamidation), oxidation (e.g. Met oxidation), isomerization (e.g. Asp isomerization), clipping/hydrolysis/fragmentation (e.g. hinge region fragmentation), succinimide formation, unpaired cysteine(s), etc. A “deamidated” monoclonal antibody herein is one in which one or more asparagine residue thereof has been modified, e.g. to an aspartic acid or an isoaspartic acid by a post-translational modification. In order to measure stability, a sample of the formulation of the invention may be tested in a stability study, wherein a sample is exposed for a selected time period to a stress condition followed by quantitative and qualitative analysis of the chemical and physical stability using an adequate analytical technique.

Accordingly, stability can be measured at a selected temperature for a selected time period for instance by storing a sample at different temperatures such as −40° C., 5° C., 25° C. and 40° C. for up to 2 months and by using for instance HP-SEC, CEX, light obscuration, CGE or Binding activity for qualitative and quantitative analysis.

According to the above, a “stable formulation” is one in which the antibody is physically and chemically stable and/or retains its biological activity upon storage.

“Chemical stability” can be assessed by detecting and quantifying chemically altered forms of the antibody. Chemical alteration may involve size modification (e.g. clipping) which can be evaluated by, for example, using size exclusion chromatography, CGE and/or matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI/TOF MS). Other types of chemical alteration include charge alteration (e.g. occurring as a result of deamidation) which can be evaluated for example by ion-exchange chromatography. In context of the invention chemical stability is for example measured by cationic exchange chromatography (CEX), wherein a change of for example 5% may be considered as significant.

“Physical stability” refers substantially in context of the invention to an antibody having little or no signs of aggregation, precipitation and/or denaturation. Methods to access the physical stability are for example size exclusion chromatography (SEC), light obscuration (LO) and color and clarity. For size exclusion chromatography (SEC) a difference of for example ≥0.1% of the content might be considered as significantly different in the context of the invention under the tested conditions depending on the column used, operating pressure, flow rate of the buffer.

An antibody “retains its biological activity” in a pharmaceutical formulation, if the antibody in a pharmaceutical formulation is biologically active for its intended purpose. For example, biological activity is retained if the biological activity of the antibody in the pharmaceutical composition is within about 30%, about 20%, or about 10% (within the errors of the assay) of a reference standard (e.g., as determined in an antigen binding assay). As known by those skilled in the art, the percentage of monomeric antibodies maintained in the solution is of utmost importance for a suitable pharmaceutically active composition. Since aggregates may be responsible for causing several as well as severe side effects, the content of monomers displays the actual pharmaceutically active amount of the drug or the antibody or antibody fragment thereof.

The term “stress” or “stress condition” in context of the invention refers to e.g. mechanical stress, thermal stress, light stress or stress resulting from freezing and thawing. Methods and conditions to simulate mechanical stress, thermal stress, light stress or stress resulting from freezing and thawing are diverse and known to those skilled in the art. Mechanical stress may be for example shaking with 300 rpm at room temperature for up to 48 hrs. Thermal stress refers for example to the storage at decreased or increased temperatures for an amount of time, in one example samples may be stored at 5° C., 25° C. and 40° C., wherein for instance 25° C. and 40° C. refer to a stress condition. Light stress might be for example storing the samples at a light intensity of about 1100 lux for 5 days at room temperature. Samples might be exposed to stress from freezing and thawing by exposing the samples to several cycles of freezing, e.g. at −40° C. for 24 hrs and thawing at room temperature for 2 hrs, wherein the cycles are repeated 3 times.

As used herein “buffer” refers to a buffered solution that resists changes in pH by the action of its acid-base conjugate components. The “pH” herein refers to the acidity or basicity of the composition at room temperature. Standard methods to measure the pH of a composition are known to the skilled in the art. Typically, measuring pH consists of calibrating the instrument, placing the electrodes in a well-mixed sample, and then reading the pH directly from the pH meter. The exemplary buffers of the present invention include acetate, citrate, histidine, succinate, phosphate and Tris.

As used herein, the term “tonicifying agent” or “tonicity agent” or “tonicifyer” refers to substances providing an osmotic pressure equivalent to that of serum in the body including salts (e.g. sodium chloride, potassium chloride, magnesium chloride, magnesium sulfate (MgSO₄)) or sugars/polyols (e.g. sucrose, trehalose, sorbitol, glycerol, mannitol or dextrose). In addition, sugars/polyols present in the solution act as a cryoprotectant for the protein which allows the drug substance to be frozen without damage. This permits shipment in the frozen form and long-term storage of the drug substance prior to the filling of drug product.

The exemplary tonicifying agents of the present invention include sodium chloride, potassium chloride, magnesium chloride, magnesium sulfate (MgSO₄) (salts) and/or sucrose, trehalose, sorbitol, glycerol, mannitol or dextrose (sugars/polyols). In certain embodiments the tonicifying agent is a sugar or a polyol selected from the group consisting of sucrose, trehalose, sorbitol, glycerol, mannitol and dextrose.

As used herein, the term “stabilizer” or “stabilizing agent” refers to substances contributing to the stability of the active ingredient in a pharmaceutical formulation. The exemplary stabilizing agents of the present invention include arginine, histidine, glycine, cysteine, proline, methionine, lysine, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

As used herein, the term “surfactant” refers to substances which tend to reduce the surface tension of a liquid in which they are dissolved. The exemplary surfactants of the present invention include poloxamer 188, polysorbate 20, polysorbate 40, polysorbate 60 or polysorbate 80.

The present invention relates to anti-IL-36R antibody formulations for administration to mammals, in particular humans. The formulations of the present invention include humanized antibodies disclosed herein that bind to IL-36 receptor (IL-36R). In specific embodiments herein, the sequences of these humanized antibodies are identified.

The formulations of this invention minimize the formation of antibody aggregates and turbidity and insure that the antibody maintains its bioactivity over time. In particular the inventors of the present invention made the surprising finding as demonstrated in the Examples that the content of monomers of the formulated antibody is more stable and the formation of aggregates is far less pronounced in some of the formulations of the present invention at 40° C. when stored up to 3 months compared to other formulations tested. See Example 7.

As a result, in a first aspect, the present invention provides a pharmaceutical formulation of an anti-IL-36R antibody, wherein said formulation comprises a therapeutic amount of an anti-IL-36R antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof (disclosed herein) and i) a pharmaceutically acceptable buffer; or ii) a pharmaceutically acceptable tonicifying agent; or iii) a pharmaceutically acceptable stabilizing agent; or iv) a pharmaceutically acceptable salt; or v) a pharmaceutically acceptable surfactant; or vi) a pharmaceutically acceptable buffer and a pharmaceutically acceptable tonicifying agent; or vii) a pharmaceutically acceptable buffer, a pharmaceutically acceptable tonicifying agent and a pharmaceutically acceptable stabilizing agent; or viii) a pharmaceutically acceptable buffer, a pharmaceutically acceptable tonicifying agent, a pharmaceutically acceptable stabilizing agent and a pharmaceutically acceptable salt; or ix) a pharmaceutically acceptable buffer, a pharmaceutically acceptable tonicifying agent, a pharmaceutically acceptable stabilizing agent, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and a pharmaceutically acceptable surfactant; each in pharmaceutically acceptable quantities and at a pharmaceutically acceptable pH. The formulation according to the present invention has improved properties as will be described below.

In the following Table, typical concentration ranges of the components of the formulations according to the present invention are provided:

TABLE I Typical concentration ranges of the components of the formulations Component Concentration Range Anti-IL-36R antibody 0.5 to 220 mg/mL Buffer: acetate, citrate, histidine, succinate, 20 to 80 mM phosphate, TRIS Tonicity agent: e.g. sucrose, trehalose, sorbitol, 100 to 250 mM glycerol, mannitol, dextrose and combinations thereof Stabilizer: arginine, histidine, glycine, proline, 0 to 80 mM methionine, lysine, cysteine or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof Salt: NaCl, MgCl₂, MgSO₄, KCl 0 to 150 mM Surfactants: polysorbates (20, 40, 60, 80), 0.1 to 1.5 g/L (equal to poloxamer (188) 0.01 to 0.15% (w/v))

Following Tables provide exemplary formulations of the present invention and reference formulations XI and XIb:

TABLE 1a Exemplary formulations Anti-IL- 36R Tonicifier Formula antibody Buffer Agent Stabilizer Salt Surfactant pH I  20 mg/ml 40 mM 120 mM 50 mM 5 mM 1.0 g/L 6.0 Histidine Sucrose L-Arginine NaCl Polysorbate 20 II  60 mg/mL 45 mM 150 mM 25 mM — 0.4 g/L 5.5 Acetate Sucrose L-Arginine Polysorbate 20 III  20 mg/mL 45 mM 180 mM 25 mM — 0.4 g/L 5.5 Acetate Sucrose Glycine Polysorbate 80 IV 150 mg/mL 25 mM 150 mM 25 mM — 0.2 g/L 6.0 Citrate Trehalose Methionine Polysorbate 20 V  60 mg/mL 25 mM 160 mM — — 0.2 g/L 6.0 Histidine Sucrose, Polysorbate 20 mM 20 Mannitol VI  20 mg/mL 25 mM 200 mM — — 0.4 g/L 6.5 Citrate Sucrose Polysorbate 80 VII 150 mg/mL 45 mM 150 mM 25 mM — 0.4 g/L 5.5 acetate sucrose L-Arginine Polysorbate 20 VIII  15 mg/mL 35 mM 180 mM 25 mM 3 mM 0.4 g/L 6.0 Histidine Trehalose L-Arginine NaCl Polysorbate 80 IX  80 mg/mL 25 mM 100 mM — 50 mM 0.2 g/L 5.5 Acetate Mannitol NaCl Polysorbate 20 X 100 mg/mL 20 mM 220 mM — — 0.1 g/L 6.0 Succinate Sucrose Polysorbate 80 XI  60 mg/mL 25 mM — — — 0.4 g/L 6.5 Citrate Polysorbate 20

TABLE 1b Exemplary formulations Anti-IL- 36R Tonicifier Formula antibody Buffer Agent Stabilizer Salt Surfactant pH Ib 20 mg/mL 40 mM 120 mM 50 mM 5 mM 1.0 g/L 6.0 to 150 Histidine Sucrose L-Arginine NaCl Polysorbate mg/mL 20 IIb 20 mg/mL 45 mM 150 mM 25 mM — 0.4 g/L 5.5 to 150 Acetate Sucrose L-Arginine Polysorbate mg/mL 20 IIIb 20 mg/mL 45 mM 180 mM 25 mM — 0.4 g/L 5.5 to 150 Acetate Sucrose Glycine Polysorbate mg/mL 80 IVb 20 mg/mL 25 mM 150 mM 25 mM — 0.2 g/L 6.0 to 150 Citrate Trehalose Methionine Polysorbate mg/mL 20 Vb 20 mg/mL 25 mM 160 mM — — 0.2 g/L 6.0 to 150 Histidine Sucrose, Polysorbate mg/mL 20 mM 20 Mannitol VIb 20 mg/mL 25 mM 200 mM — — 0.4 g/L 6.5 Citrate Sucrose Polysorbate 80 VIIb 20 mg/mL 45 mM 150 mM 25 mM — 0.4 g/L 5.5 to 150 acetate sucrose L-Arginine Polysorbate mg/mL 20 VIIIb 20 mg/mL 35 mM 180 mM 25 mM 3 mM 0.4 g/L 6.0 to 150 Histidine Trehalose L-Arginine NaCl Polysorbate mg/mL 80 IXb 20 mg/mL 25 mM 100 mM — 50 mM 0.2 g/L 5.5 to 150 Acetate Mannitol NaCl Polysorbate mg/mL 20 Xb 20 mg/mL 20 mM 220 mM — — 0.1 g/L 6.0 to 150 Succinate Sucrose Polysorbate mg/mL 80 XIb 20 mg/mL 25 mM — — — 0.4 g/L 6.5 to 150 Citrate Polysorbate mg/mL 20

In accordance with the above, in one embodiment the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention having at least one feature selected from the group consisting of:

(a) significantly decreased percentage of aggregates as measured by High Performance Size Exclusion Chromatography (HP-SEC), (b) significant higher percentage of monomers after storage at about 40° C. as measured by HP-SEC, (c) higher percentage of main peak, which correlates to less chemical degradation, measured by CEX, (d) lower turbidity by visual assessment and/or lower turbidity value in Formazine Nephelometry Units (FNU) and (e) lower values of subvisible particles (≥10 μm and ≥25 μm), as compared to a reference formulation.

In accordance with the present invention the terms “decreased”, “higher”, “less”, “smaller”, “increased”, “lower” or “less” the like, e.g., which denote quantitative differences between two states, which includes significant differences between the two states.

In accordance with the present invention, the term “reference formulation” refers to formulation XI in Table Ia and/or formulation XIb in Table lb. In an embodiment, the reference formulation comprises an anti-IL-36R antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof as disclosed herein e.g. present in the same concentration as that to which the formulation is compared but with a different amount and/or type of a buffer system and/or a different amount and/or type of tonicifying agent (and/or a different amount and/or type of surfactant), such as in formulation XI in Table Ia and/or formulation XIb in Table Ib; wherein the formulation is characterized by a pH within the range from about 5 to about 7 when in aqueous form.

In an embodiment, the formulations of the present invention have decreased amount of aggregates after storage at about 40° C. by at least about 10%, 25% or 50% as compared to the amount of aggregates of a reference formulation, as measured by High Performance Size Exclusion Chromatography (HP-SEC). For example, if an experimental value decreases from 1.0% to 0.9%, the relative decrease is 10% in accordance to the previous sentence.

In an embodiment, the formulations of the present invention have higher amount of monomers after storage at about 40° C. by at least about 10%, 25% or 50% as compared to a reference formulation, after storage at about 40° C. as measured by HP-SEC.

In an embodiment, the formulations of the present invention have increased main peak amounts (less chemical degradation) after storage at about 40° C. by at least about 10%, 25% or 50% as compared to a reference formulation, as measured by CEX.

In an embodiment, the formulations of the present invention have lower turbidity value by at least about 10%, 25% or 50% as compared to a reference formulation, in Formazine Nephelometry Units (FNU).

In an embodiment, the formulations of the present invention have less increase in sub-visible particles (such as ≥10 μm and ≥25 μm) by at least about 10%, 25%, 50%, 75% or 100% as compared to a reference formulation.

In an embodiment relating to the first aspect, the anti-IL-36R antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof is present in the formulation at a concentration within the range from about 0.5 mg/mL to about 220 mg/mL, or a range from about 10 to about 175 mg/mL, or a range from about 10 to about 30 mg/mL, or a range from about 45 to about 75 mg/mL, or a range from about 125 to about 175 mg/mL, or at a concentration of about 15 mg/mL, about 20 mg/mL, about 25 mg/mL, about 30 mg/mL, about 60 mg/mL, about 75 mg/mL, about 80 mg/mL, about 100 mg/mL or about 150 mg/mL. In one embodiment, the anti-IL-36R antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof is present in the formulation at a concentration of about 20 mg/mL. In another embodiment, the anti-IL-36R antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof is present in the formulation at a concentration of about 60 mg/mL. In yet another embodiment, the anti-IL-36R antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof is present in the formulation at a concentration of about 150 mg/mL.

In another related embodiment, the pharmaceutically acceptable buffer is present in the formulation at a concentration within the range from about 20 mM to about 80 mM, or a range from about 20 to about 70 mM, or a range from about 20 to about 60 mM, or a range from about 20 mM to about 50 mM, or at a concentration of about 20 mM, about 25 mM, about 35 mM, about 40 mM, about 45 mM, about 50 mM, about 60 mM. The buffer may comprise histidine, phosphate, succinate, citrate, acetate or TRIS. In certain embodiments the buffer is selected from the group consisting of histidine, phosphate, succinate, citrate, acetate and TRIS, particularly acetate and citrate. In one embodiment the buffer is citrate. In another embodiment the buffer is histidine. In yet another embodiment the buffer is acetate.

In another related embodiment, the pharmaceutically acceptable tonicifying agent is present in the formulation at a concentration within the range from about 100 mM to about 250 mM, or a range from about 120 to about 220 mM, or a range from about 130 to about 190 mM, or a range from about 140 to about 190 mM, or at a concentration of about 100 mM, about 120 mM, about 150 mM, about 180 mM, about 200 mM, about 220 mM. The tonicifying agent may be a salt, a sugar or a polyol. In one embodiment the tonicifying agent is one or more sugar and/or a polyol. The tonicifying agent may one or more sugar and/or polyol comprising sucrose, trehalose, sorbitol, glycerol, mannitol or dextrose, particularly sucrose or trehalose. In one embodiment the tonicifying agent is one or more sugar and/or polyol selected from the group consisting of sucrose, trehalose, sorbitol, glycerol, mannitol or dextrose, particularly sucrose and trehalose, particularly the tonicifying agent is sucrose or the tonicifying agent is trehalose.

In another related embodiment, a pharmaceutically acceptable stabilizing agent is present in the formulation at a concentration within the range from about 0 mM to about 80 mM, or a range from about 0 to about 70 mM, or a range from about 0 to about 60 mM, or a range from about 0 to about 50 mM. In case a stabilizing agent is present, it may be present at a concentration within the range from about 5 mM to about 80 mM, or from about 10 mM to 70 mM, or from about 20 mM to 50 mM, or at a concentration of about 25 mM, or about 50 mM. In an embodiment, the stabilizing agent is present in the formulation at a concentration of about 20 mM, or about 25 mM, or about 30 mM, or about 35 mM, or about 40 mM or about 45 mM. The stabilizing agent may comprise an amino acid, such as arginine, histidine, glycine, cysteine, proline, methionine, lysine, aspartate, glutamate or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, more particularly arginine. In one embodiment, the stabilizing agent is selected from the group consisting of arginine, histidine, glycine, cysteine, proline, methionine, lysine, aspartate, glutamate and a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In yet another embodiment, the stabilizing agent is L-arginine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

In another related embodiment, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt is present in the formulation at a concentration of within the range from about 0 to about 150 mM, or a range from about 0 to about 120 mM, or a range from about 0 to about 90 mM, or a range from about 0 to about 10 mM, or at a concentration of about 3 mM, 5 mM, 10 mM, 25 mM or 50 mM. In another related embodiment, the pharmaceutically formulation comprises one or more sugar and/or polyol as a tonicifying agent and further a pharmaceutically acceptable salt at a concentration of within the range from about 3 to about 150 mM, or a range from about 3 to about 120 mM, or a range from about 3 to about 90 mM, or a range from about 3 to about 10 mM, or at a concentration of about 3 mM, 5 mM, 10 mM, 25 mM or 50 mM.

The salt may comprise sodium chloride (NaCl), magnesium chloride (MgCl₂), magnesium sulfate (MgSO₄), potassium chloride (KCl), lithium chloride (LiCl), calcium chloride (CaCl₂), boric acid salts or zinc chloride (ZnCl₂). In one embodiment the salt is selected from the group consisting of sodium chloride (NaCl), magnesium chloride (MgCl₂), magnesium sulfate (MgSO₄), potassium chloride (KCl), lithium chloride (LiCl), calcium chloride (CaCl₂), boric acid salts and zinc chloride (ZnCl₂). In a specific embodiment the salt is sodium chloride.

In another related embodiment, the pharmaceutically acceptable surfactant is present in the formulation at a concentration within the range from about 0 g/L to about 1.5 g/L, or a range from about 0.1 g/L to about 1.5 g/L, or a range from about 0.1 to about 1.0 g/L, or a range from about 0.1 to about 0.6 g/L, or a range from about 0.15 to about 0.5 g/L, or at a concentration of about 0.1 g/L, 0.2 g/L, 0.4 g/L, 0.5 g/L or 1 g/L. The surfactant may comprise polysorbate 20, polysorbate 40, polysorbate 60 or polysorbate 80. In one embodiment the surfactant is selected from the group consisting of polysorbate 20, polysorbate 40, polysorbate 60 and polysorbate 80, particularly selected from the group consisting of polysorbate 20 and polysorbate 80.

In an embodiment related to the first aspect, the formulation is characterized by a pH within the range from about 5 to about 8, or a range from about 5 to about 7, or a range from about 5 to about 6.5. In another related embodiment, the pH is about 5, about 5.5, about 6, about 6.5, about 7, about 7.5 or about 8. The person skilled in the art will understand that the pH of the formulation refers to the pH of the formulation when in aqueous form.

In an embodiment related to the first aspect, the anti-IL-36R antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 80; and a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 87; or a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 80; and a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 88; or a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 80; and a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 89. In one embodiment the anti-IL-36R antibody comprises a light chain comprising an amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:118 and a heavy chain comprising an amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:125; or a light chain comprising an amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:118 and a heavy chain comprising an amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:126; or a light chain comprising an amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:118 and a heavy chain comprising an amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:127. In a particular embodiment, the anti-IL-36R antibody comprises a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 80; and a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 89. In another particular embodiment, the anti-IL-36R antibody consists of a light chain comprising an amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:118 and a heavy chain comprising an amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:127.

In an embodiment related to the first aspect, the anti-IL-36R antibody consists of a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 80; and a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 87. In another related embodiment, the anti-IL-36R antibody consists of a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 80; and a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 88. In another related embodiment, the anti-IL-36R antibody consists of a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 80; and a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 89. In another related embodiment, the anti-IL-36R antibody consists of a light chain comprising an amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:118 and a heavy chain comprising an amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:125. In another related embodiment, the anti-IL-36R antibody consists of a light chain comprising an amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:118 and a heavy chain comprising an amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:126. In another related embodiment, the anti-IL-36R antibody consists of a light chain comprising an amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:118 and a heavy chain comprising an amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:127.

In a second aspect, the present invention relates to a pharmaceutical formulation of a therapeutic anti-IL-36R antibody or antibody fragment (disclosed herein), wherein said formulation comprises: (a) the anti-IL-36R antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof present at a concentration within the range from about 0.5 mg/mL to about 220 mg/mL and (b) a pharmaceutically acceptable buffer; wherein the formulation is characterized by a pH within the range from about 5 to about 8. In an embodiment relating to this aspect, the buffer is present at a concentration within the range from about 20 mM to about 80 mM. In another embodiment relating to this aspect, the formulation further comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable tonicifying agent. In a related embodiment, the tonicifying agent is present at a concentration of about 100 mM to about 250 mM. Thus, in one embodiment the pharmaceutical formulation comprises (a) an anti-IL-36R antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof present at a concentration within the range from about 0.5 mg/mL to about 220 mg/mL; (b) a buffer present at a concentration within the range from about 20 mM to about 80 mM; (c) a tonicifying agent present at a concentration within the range from about 100 mM to about 250 mM; wherein the formulation is characterized by a pH with the range from about 5 to about 8 when in aqueous form.

In an embodiment relating to the second aspect, the pharmaceutical formulation of the present invention comprises a) an anti-IL-36R antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof as disclosed herein, wherein the antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof is present at a concentration of about 20 mg/mL, 60 mg/mL or 150 mg/mL; b) an acetate buffer present at a concentration of about 25 to 50 mM; c) sucrose or trehalose present at a concentration of about 150 mM to 200 mM; and optionally d) L-arginine or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof present at a concentration of about 25 mM; and/or e) polysorbate 20 or polysorbate 80 present at a concentration of about 0.4 g/L; wherein the formulation is characterized by a pH within the range from about 5 to about 7 when in aqueous form.

In another embodiment relating to the second aspect, the anti-IL-36R antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof is present in the formulation at a concentration within the range from about 0.5 mg/mL to about 220 mg/mL, or a range from about 10 to about 175 mg/mL, or a range from about 10 to about 30 mg/mL, or a range from about 45 to about 75 mg/mL, or a range from about 125 to about 175 mg/mL, or at a concentration of about 15 mg/mL, about 20 mg/mL, about 25 mg/mL, about 30 mg/mL, about 60 mg/mL, about 75 mg/mL, about 80 mg/mL, about 100 mg/mL or about 150 mg/mL. In one embodiment, the anti-IL-36R antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof is present in the formulation at a concentration of about 20 mg/mL. In another embodiment at a concentration of about 60 mg/mL. In yet another embodiment at a concentration of about 150 mg/mL.

In another related embodiment, the pharmaceutically acceptable buffer is present in the formulation at a concentration within the range from about 20 mM to about 80 mM, or a range from about 20 to about 70 mM, or a range from about 20 to about 60 mM, or a range from about 20 mM to about 50 mM, or at a concentration of about 20 mM, about 25 mM, about 35 mM, about 40 mM, about 45 mM, about 50 mM, about 60 mM. The buffer may comprise histidine, phosphate, succinate, citrate, acetate or TRIS. In certain embodiments the buffer is selected from the group consisting of histidine, phosphate, succinate, citrate, acetate and TRIS, particularly acetate and citrate. In one embodiment the buffer is citrate. In another embodiment the buffer is histidine. In yet another embodiment the buffer is acetate.

In another related embodiment, the pharmaceutically acceptable tonicifying agent is present in the formulation at a concentration within the range from about 100 mM to about 250 mM, or a range from about 120 to about 220 mM, or a range from about 130 to about 190 mM, or a range from about 140 to about 190 mM, or at a concentration of about 100 mM, about 120 mM, about 150 mM, about 180 mM, about 200 mM, about 220 mM. The tonicifying agent may be a salt, a sugar or a polyol. In one embodiment the tonicifying agent is one or more sugar and/or a polyol. The tonicifying agent may one or more sugar and/or polyol comprising sucrose, trehalose, sorbitol, glycerol, mannitol or dextrose, particularly sucrose or trehalose. In one embodiment the tonicifying agent is one or more sugar and/or polyol selected from the group consisting of sucrose, trehalose, sorbitol, glycerol, mannitol or dextrose, particularly sucrose and trehalose, particularly the tonicifying agent is sucrose or the tonicifying agent is trehalose.

In another related embodiment, the pharmaceutically acceptable stabilizing agent is present in the formulation at a concentration within the range from about 0 mM to about 80 mM, or a range from about 0 to about 70 mM, or a range from about 0 to about 60 mM, or a range from about 0 to about 50 mM. In case a stabilizing agent is present, it may be present at a concentration within the range from about 5 mM to about 80 mM, or from about 10 mM to 70 mM, or from about 20 mM to 50 mM or at a concentration of about 25 mM, or about 50 mM. The stabilizing agent may comprise an amino acid, such as arginine, histidine, glycine, cysteine, proline, methionine, lysine, aspartate, glutamate or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, more particularly arginine. In one embodiment the stabilizing agent is selected from the group consisting of arginine, histidine, glycine, cysteine, proline, methionine, lysine, aspartate, glutamate and a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In a specific embodiment the stabilizing agent is L-arginine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

In another related embodiment, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt is present in the formulation at a concentration of within the range from about 0 to about 150 mM, or a range from about 0 to about 120 mM, or a range from about 0 to about 90 mM, or a range from about 0 to about 10 mM, or at a concentration of about 3 mM, 5 mM, 10 mM, 25 mM or 50 mM. In another related embodiment, the pharmaceutically acceptable formulation comprises one or more sugar and/or polyol as a tonicifying agent and further an pharmaceutically acceptable salt at a concentration of within the range from about 3 to about 150 mM, or a range from about 3 to about 120 mM, or a range from about 3 to about 90 mM, or a range from about 3 to about 10 mM, or at a concentration of about 3 mM, 5 mM, 10 mM, 25 mM or 50 mM.

The salt may comprise sodium chloride (NaCl), magnesium chloride (MgCl₂), magnesium sulfate (MgSO₄), potassium chloride (KCl), lithium chloride (LiCl), calcium chloride (CaCl₂), boric acid salts or zinc chloride (ZnCl₂). In one embodiment the salt is selected from the group consisting of sodium chloride (NaCl), magnesium chloride (MgCl₂), magnesium sulfate (MgSO₄), potassium chloride (KCl), lithium chloride (LiCl), calcium chloride (CaCl₂), boric acid salts and zinc chloride (ZnCl₂). In a specific embodiment the salt is sodium chloride.

In another related embodiment, the pharmaceutically acceptable surfactant is present in the formulation at a concentration within a range from about 0 g/L to about 1.5 g/L, a range from about 0.1 g/L to about 1.5 g/L, or a range from about 0.1 to about 1.0 g/L, or a range from about 0.1 to about 0.6 g/L, or a range from about 0.15 to about 0.5 g/L, or at a concentration of about 0.1 g/L, 0.2 g/L, 0.4 g/L, 0.5 g/L or 1 g/L. The surfactant may comprise polysorbate 20, polysorbate 40, polysorbate 60 or polysorbate 80. In one embodiment the surfactant is selected from the group consisting of polysorbate 20, polysorbate 40, polysorbate 60 and polysorbate 80, particularly selected from the group consisting of polysorbate 20 and polysorbate 80.

In an embodiment related to the first aspect, the formulation is characterized by a pH within the range from about 5 to about 8, or a range from about 5 to about 7, or a range from about 5 to about 6.5. In another related embodiment, the pH is about 5, about 5.5, about 6, about 6.5, about 7, about 7.5 or about 8.

In an embodiment related to the second aspect, the anti-IL-36R antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 80; and a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 87; or a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 80; and a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 88; or a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 80; and a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 89. In one embodiment the anti-IL-36R antibody comprises a light chain comprising an amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:118 and a heavy chain comprising an amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:125; or a light chain comprising an amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:118 and a heavy chain comprising an amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:126; or a light chain comprising an amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:118 and a heavy chain comprising an amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:127. In a particular embodiment, the anti-IL-36R antibody comprises a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 80; and a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 89. In another particular embodiment, the anti-IL-36R antibody consists of a light chain comprising an amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:118 and a heavy chain comprising an amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:127.

In an embodiment related to the second aspect, the anti-IL-36R antibody consists of a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 80; and a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 87. In another related embodiment, the anti-IL-36R antibody consists of a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 80; and a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 88. In another related embodiment, the anti-IL-36R antibody consists of a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 80; and a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 89. In another related embodiment, the anti-IL-36R antibody consists of a light chain comprising an amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:118 and a heavy chain comprising an amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:125. In another related embodiment, the anti-IL-36R antibody consists of a light chain comprising an amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:118 and a heavy chain comprising an amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:126. In another related embodiment, the anti-IL-36R antibody consists of a light chain comprising an amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:118 and a heavy chain comprising an amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:127.

Various other examples or embodiments relating to the first and second aspects of the present invention are described as numbered clauses (1, 2, 3, etc.) below for convenience. These are provided as examples and do not limit the subject technology. It is noted that any of the dependent clauses may be combined in any combination, and placed into a respective independent clause, e.g., clause 1. The other clauses can be presented in a similar manner.

-   1. A pharmaceutical formulation including:     -   a. An anti-IL-36R antibody or an antigen binding fragment         thereof, as disclosed herein, present at a concentration within         the range from about 0.5 mg/mL to about 220 mg/mL; and     -   b. A pharmaceutically acceptable buffer present at a         concentration within the range from about 20 mM to about 80 mM;     -   wherein the formulation is characterized by a pH within the         range from about 5 to about 8 when in aqueous form. -   2. The formulation of clause 1, wherein the formulation is in liquid     or powder form. -   3. The formulation of clause 1 or 2, wherein the anti-IL-36R     antibody is present at a concentration of within the range from     about 10 mg/mL to about 200 mg/mL. -   4. The formulation of clause 1, wherein the anti-IL-36R antibody is     present at a concentration of about 20 mg/mL. -   5. The formulation of clause 1, wherein the anti-IL-36R antibody is     present at a concentration of about 60 mg/mL. -   6. The formulation of clause 1, wherein the anti-IL-36R antibody is     present at a concentration of about 150 mg/mL. -   7. The formulation of any one of clauses 1 to 6, wherein the buffer     includes histidine, phosphate, succinate, citrate, acetate or TRIS. -   8. The formulation of clause 7, wherein the buffer comprises citrate     or acetate. -   9. The formulation of clause 7, wherein the buffer comprises     histidine. -   10. The formulation of clause 8, wherein the buffer comprises     acetate. -   11. The formulation of any one of clauses 1 to 10, wherein the     formulation further comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable     tonicifying agent present at a concentration within the range from     about 100 mM to about 250 mM. -   12. The formulation of clause 11, wherein the tonicifying agent is     one or more sugar and/or polyol. -   13. The formulation of clause 12, wherein the tonicifying agent is     one or more sugar and/or polyol selected from the group consisting     of sucrose, trehalose, sorbitol, glycerol, mannitol or dextrose. -   14. The formulation of clause 13, wherein the tonicifying agent is     sucrose or trehalose. -   15. The formulation of clause 14, wherein the tonicifying agent is     sucrose. -   16. The formulation of clause 14, wherein the tonicifying agent is     trehalose. -   17. The formulation of any one of clauses 1 to 16, wherein the     formulation further comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable     stabilizer present at a concentration within the range from about 0     mM to about 80 mM or from about 5 mM to about 80 mM. -   18. The formulation of clause 17, wherein the stabilizer comprises     an amino acid selected from the group consisting of arginine,     histidine, glycine, cysteine, proline, methionine, lysine,     aspartate, glutamate or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. -   19. The formulation of clause 17, wherein the stabilizer is     L-arginine or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. -   20. The formulation of any one of clauses 11 to 16, wherein the     formulation further comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable salt     present at a concentration of within the range from about 0 to about     150 mM. -   21. The formulation of clause 20, wherein the salt comprises sodium     chloride (NaCl), magnesium chloride (MgCl₂), magnesium sulfate     (MgSO₄), potassium chloride (KCl), lithium chloride (LiCl), calcium     chloride (CaCl₂)), boric acid salts or zinc chloride (ZnCl₂). -   22. The formulation of clause 20, wherein the salt is sodium     chloride (NaCl). -   23. The formulation of any one of clauses 1 to 22, wherein the     formulation further comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable     surfactant present at a concentration within the range from about     0.1 g/L to about 1.5 g/L. -   24. The formulation of clause 23, wherein the surfactant comprises     poloxamer 188, polysorbate 20, polysorbate 40, polysorbate 60 or     polysorbate 80. -   25. The formulation of clause 23, wherein the surfactant is selected     from the group consisting of polysorbate 20, polysorbate 40,     polysorbate 60 or polysorbate 80. -   26. The formulation of clause 23, wherein the surfactant is     polysorbate 20. -   27. The formulation of clause 23, wherein the surfactant is     polysorbate 80. -   28. A pharmaceutical formulation including:     -   a. an anti-IL-36R antibody or an antigen binding fragment         thereof, as disclosed herein, present at a concentration within         the range from about 10 mg/mL to about 200 mg/mL;     -   b. an acetate and/or histidine buffer present at a concentration         within the range from about 20 mM to about 80 mM;     -   c. sucrose and/or trehalose present at a concentration within         the range from about 100 mM to about 250 mM;     -   d. L-arginine and/or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof         present at a concentration within the range from about 0 mM to         about 80 mM;     -   e. sodium chloride (NaCl) present at a concentration of within         the range from about 0 to about 150 mM; and     -   f. polysorbate 20 and/or polysorbate 80 present at a         concentration within the range from about 0 g/L to about 1.5 g/L         or from about 0.1 g/L to about 1.5 g/L;     -   wherein the formulation is characterized by a pH within the         range from about 5 to about 7 when in aqueous form. -   29. A pharmaceutical formulation including:     -   a. an anti-IL-36R antibody or an antigen binding fragment         thereof, as disclosed herein, present at a concentration of         about 20 mg/mL;     -   b. an citrate buffer present at a concentration at a         concentration of about 25 mM;     -   c. sucrose and/or trehalose present at a concentration of about         200 mM;     -   d. polysorbate 80 present at a concentration of about 0.4 g/L;         wherein the formulation is characterized by a pH within the         range from about 6 to about 7 when in aqueous form. -   30. A pharmaceutical formulation including:     -   a. an anti-IL-36R antibody or an antigen binding fragment         thereof, as disclosed herein, present at a concentration of         about 60 mg/mL;     -   b. an acetate buffer present at a concentration at a         concentration of about 45 mM;     -   c. sucrose and/or trehalose present at a concentration of about         150 mM;     -   d. L-arginine or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof         present at a concentration of about 25 mM; and     -   e. polysorbate 20 present at a concentration of about 0.4 g/L;     -   wherein the formulation is characterized by a pH within the         range from about 5 to about 6 when in aqueous form. -   31. A pharmaceutical formulation including:     -   a. an anti-IL-36R antibody or an antigen binding fragment         thereof, as disclosed herein, present at a concentration of         about 150 mg/mL;     -   b. an acetate buffer present at a concentration at a         concentration of about 45 mM;     -   c. sucrose or trehalose present at a concentration of about 150         mM;     -   d. L-arginine or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof         present at a concentration of about 25 mM; and     -   e. polysorbate 20 present at a concentration of about 0.4 g/L;         wherein the formulation is characterized by a pH within the         range from about 5 to about 6 when in aqueous form. -   32. The pharmaceutical formulation of any one of clauses 1-31,     wherein the formulation is characterized by an osmolality within the     range from about 210 mOsmol/kg to about 390 mOsm/kg. -   33. The pharmaceutical formulation of any one of clauses 1-32,     wherein less than about 5% of the antibody is present in an     aggregate form in the formulation. -   34. The pharmaceutical formulation of any one of clauses 1-33,     wherein the formulation is sterile. -   35. The pharmaceutical formulation of any one of clauses 1-34,     wherein the formulation is stable upon freezing and thawing. -   36. The pharmaceutical formulation of any of clauses 1-35, wherein     the formulation comprises water or is reconstituted with water. -   37. The pharmaceutical formulation of any of clauses 1-36, wherein     the formulation has a pH of between about 5 to about 6 in liquid     form or when reconstituted with water. -   38. The pharmaceutical formulation of any of clauses 1-37, wherein     the formulation has a pH of about 6 in liquid or when reconstituted     with water. -   39. The pharmaceutical formulation of any of clauses 1-37, wherein     the formulation has at least one feature selected from the group     consisting of:     -   (i) Increased shelf life     -   (ii) better temperature stability,     -   (iii) decreased formation of aggregates,     -   (iv) better chemical stability,     -   (v) decreased viscosity, and as compared to a reference         formulation. -   40. The pharmaceutical formulation of any of clauses 1-37, wherein     the formulation having at least one feature selected from the group     consisting of:     -   (a) decreased percentage of aggregates as measured by High         Performance Size Exclusion Chromatography (HP-SEC),     -   (b) higher percentage of monomers as measured by HP-SEC,     -   (c) higher percentage of main peak (less degradation of charge         variants) measured by CEX,     -   (d) lower percentage of subvisual particles such as ≥10 μm and         ≥25 μm, and     -   (e) lower turbidity value in Formazine Nephelometry Units (FNU),         after storage at about 40° C. as compared to the reference         formulation. -   41. A pharmaceutical formulation comprising:     -   an anti-IL-36R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof,         comprising:         -   i. a light chain comprising an amino acid sequence set forth             as SEQ ID NO:118 and a heavy chain comprising an amino acid             sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:125; or         -   ii. a light chain comprising an amino acid sequence set             forth as SEQ ID NO:118 and a heavy chain comprising an amino             acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:126; or         -   iii. a light chain comprising an amino acid sequence set             forth as SEQ ID NO:118 and a heavy chain comprising an amino             acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:127;             -   wherein the formulation is selected from the group                 consisting of:                 -   I. formulation comprising about 20 mg/mL of the                     anti-IL-36R antibody, about 40 mM histidine, about                     120 mM sucrose, about 50 mM L-Arginine, about 5 mM                     NaCl and about 1.0 g/L Polysorbate 20, with a pH of                     about 6.0;                 -   II. formulation comprising about 60 mg/mL of the                     anti-IL-36R antibody, about 45 mM acetate, about 150                     mM sucrose, about 25 mM L-Arginine, about 0.4 g/L                     Polysorbate 20, with a pH of about 5.5;                 -   III. formulation comprising about 20 mg/mL of the                     anti-IL-36R antibody, about 45 mM acetate, about 180                     mM sucrose, about 25 mM Glycine, about 0.4 g/L                     Polysorbate 80, with a pH of about 5.5;                 -   IV. formulation comprising about 150 mg/mL of the                     anti-IL-36R antibody, about 25 mM citrate, about 150                     mM trehalose, about 25 mM methionine, about 0.2 g/L                     Polysorbate 20, with a pH of about 6.0;                 -   V. formulation comprising about 60 mg/mL of the                     anti-IL-36R antibody, about 25 mM histidine, about                     160 mM sucrose, about 20 mM mannitol, about 0.2 g/L                     Polysorbate 20, with a pH of about 6.0;                 -   VI. formulation comprising about 20 mg/mL of the                     anti-IL-36R antibody, about 25 mM citrate, about 200                     mM sucrose, about 0.4 g/L Polysorbate 80, with a pH                     of about 6.5;                 -   VII. formulation comprising about 150 mg/mL of the                     anti-IL-36R antibody, about 45 mM acetate, about 150                     mM sucrose, about 25 mM L-Arginine, about 0.4 g/L                     Polysorbate 20, with a pH of about 5.5;                 -   VIII. formulation comprising about 15 mg/mL of the                     anti-IL-36R antibody, about 35 mM histidine, about                     180 mM trehalose, about 25 mM L-Arginine, about 3 mM                     NaCl, about 0.4 g/L Polysorbate 80, with a pH of                     about 6.0;                 -   IX. formulation comprising about 80 mg/mL of the                     anti-IL-36R antibody, about 25 mM acetate, about 100                     mM mannitol, about 50 mM NaCl, about 0.2 g/L                     Polysorbate 20, with a pH of about 5.5; and                 -   X. formulation comprising about 100 mg/mL of the                     anti-IL-36R antibody, about 20 mM succinate, about                     220 mM sucrose, about 0.1 g/L Polysorbate 80, with a                     pH of about 6.0 -   42. A pharmaceutical formulation comprising:     -   an anti-IL-36R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof,         comprising:         -   i. a light chain comprising an amino acid sequence set forth             as SEQ ID NO:118 and a heavy chain comprising an amino acid             sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:125; or         -   ii. a light chain comprising an amino acid sequence set             forth as SEQ ID NO:118 and a heavy chain comprising an amino             acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:126; or         -   iii. a light chain comprising an amino acid sequence set             forth as SEQ ID NO:118 and a heavy chain comprising an amino             acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:127;             -   wherein the formulation includes about 20 mg/mL of the                 anti-IL-36R antibody, about 40 mM histidine, about 120                 mM sucrose, about 50 mM L-Arginine, about 5 mM NaCl and                 about 1.0 g/L Polysorbate 20, with a pH of about 6.0. -   43. A pharmaceutical formulation comprising:     -   an anti-IL-36R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof,         comprising:         -   i. a light chain comprising an amino acid sequence set forth             as SEQ ID NO:118 and a heavy chain comprising an amino acid             sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:125; or         -   ii. a light chain comprising an amino acid sequence set             forth as SEQ ID NO:118 and a heavy chain comprising an amino             acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:126; or         -   iii. a light chain comprising an amino acid sequence set             forth as SEQ ID NO:118 and a heavy chain comprising an amino             acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:127;             -   wherein the formulation includes about 60 mg/mL of the                 anti-IL-36R antibody, about 45 mM acetate, about 150 mM                 sucrose, about 25 mM L-Arginine, about 0.4 g/L                 Polysorbate 20, with a pH of about 5.5. -   44. A pharmaceutical formulation comprising:     -   an anti-IL-36R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof,         comprising:         -   i. a light chain comprising an amino acid sequence set forth             as SEQ ID NO:118 and a heavy chain comprising an amino acid             sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:125; or         -   ii. a light chain comprising an amino acid sequence set             forth as SEQ ID NO:118 and a heavy chain comprising an amino             acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:126; or         -   iii. a light chain comprising an amino acid sequence set             forth as SEQ ID NO:118 and a heavy chain comprising an amino             acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:127;             -   wherein the formulation includes about 20 mg/mL of the                 anti-IL-36R antibody, about 45 mM acetate, about 180 mM                 sucrose, about 25 mM Glycine, about 0.4 g/L Polysorbate                 80, with a pH of about 5.5. -   45. A pharmaceutical formulation comprising:     -   an anti-IL-36R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof,         comprising:         -   i. a light chain comprising an amino acid sequence set forth             as SEQ ID NO:118 and a heavy chain comprising an amino acid             sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:125; or         -   ii. a light chain comprising an amino acid sequence set             forth as SEQ ID NO:118 and a heavy chain comprising an amino             acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:126; or         -   iii. a light chain comprising an amino acid sequence set             forth as SEQ ID NO:118 and a heavy chain comprising an amino             acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:127;             -   wherein the formulation includes about 150 mg/mL of the                 anti-IL-36R antibody, about 25 mM citrate, about 150 mM                 trehalose, about 25 mM methionine, about 0.2 g/L                 Polysorbate 20, with a pH of about 6.0. -   46. A pharmaceutical formulation comprising:     -   an anti-IL-36R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof,         comprising:         -   i. a light chain comprising an amino acid sequence set forth             as SEQ ID NO:118 and a heavy chain comprising an amino acid             sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:125; or         -   ii. a light chain comprising an amino acid sequence set             forth as SEQ ID NO:118 and a heavy chain comprising an amino             acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:126; or         -   iii. a light chain comprising an amino acid sequence set             forth as SEQ ID NO:118 and a heavy chain comprising an amino             acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:127;             -   wherein the formulation includes about 60 mg/mL of the                 anti-IL-36R antibody, about 25 mM histidine, about 160                 mM sucrose, about 20 mM mannitol, about 0.2 g/L                 Polysorbate 20, with a pH of about 6.0. -   47. A pharmaceutical formulation comprising:     -   an anti-IL-36R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof,         comprising:         -   i. a light chain comprising an amino acid sequence set forth             as SEQ ID NO:118 and a heavy chain comprising an amino acid             sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:125; or         -   ii. a light chain comprising an amino acid sequence set             forth as SEQ ID NO:118 and a heavy chain comprising an amino             acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:126; or         -   iii. a light chain comprising an amino acid sequence set             forth as SEQ ID NO:118 and a heavy chain comprising an amino             acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:127;             -   wherein the formulation includes about 20 mg/mL of the                 anti-IL-36R antibody, about 25 mM citrate, about 200 mM                 sucrose, about 0.4 g/L Polysorbate 80, with a pH of                 about 6.5. -   48. A pharmaceutical formulation comprising:     -   an anti-IL-36R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof,         comprising:         -   i. a light chain comprising an amino acid sequence set forth             as SEQ ID NO:118 and a heavy chain comprising an amino acid             sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:125; or         -   ii. a light chain comprising an amino acid sequence set             forth as SEQ ID NO:118 and a heavy chain comprising an amino             acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:126; or         -   iii. a light chain comprising an amino acid sequence set             forth as SEQ ID NO:118 and a heavy chain comprising an amino             acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:127;             -   wherein the formulation includes about 150 mg/mL of the                 anti-IL-36R antibody, about 45 mM acetate, about 150 mM                 sucrose, about 25 mM L-Arginine, about 0.4 g/L                 Polysorbate 20, with a pH of about 5.5. -   49. A pharmaceutical formulation comprising:     -   an anti-IL-36R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof,         comprising:         -   i. a light chain comprising an amino acid sequence set forth             as SEQ ID NO:118 and a heavy chain comprising an amino acid             sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:125; or         -   ii. a light chain comprising an amino acid sequence set             forth as SEQ ID NO:118 and a heavy chain comprising an amino             acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:126; or         -   iii. a light chain comprising an amino acid sequence set             forth as SEQ ID NO:118 and a heavy chain comprising an amino             acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:127;             -   wherein the formulation includes about 15 mg/mL of the                 anti-IL-36R antibody, about 35 mM histidine, about 180                 mM trehalose, about 25 mM L-Arginine, about 3 mM NaCl,                 about 0.4 g/L Polysorbate 80, with a pH of about 6.0. -   50. A pharmaceutical formulation comprising:     -   an anti-IL-36R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof,         comprising:         -   i. a light chain comprising an amino acid sequence set forth             as SEQ ID NO:118 and a heavy chain comprising an amino acid             sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:125; or         -   ii. a light chain comprising an amino acid sequence set             forth as SEQ ID NO:118 and a heavy chain comprising an amino             acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:126; or         -   iii. a light chain comprising an amino acid sequence set             forth as SEQ ID NO:118 and a heavy chain comprising an amino             acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:127;             -   wherein the formulation includes about 80 mg/mL of the                 anti-IL-36R antibody, about 25 mM acetate, about 100 mM                 mannitol, about 50 mM NaCl, about 0.2 g/L Polysorbate                 20, with a pH of about 5.5. -   51. A pharmaceutical formulation comprising:     -   an anti-IL-36R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof,         comprising:         -   i. a light chain comprising an amino acid sequence set forth             as SEQ ID NO:118 and a heavy chain comprising an amino acid             sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:125; or         -   ii. a light chain comprising an amino acid sequence set             forth as SEQ ID NO:118 and a heavy chain comprising an amino             acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:126; or         -   iii. a light chain comprising an amino acid sequence set             forth as SEQ ID NO:118 and a heavy chain comprising an amino             acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:127;             -   wherein the formulation includes about 100 mg/mL of the                 anti-IL-36R antibody, about 20 mM succinate, about 220                 mM sucrose, about 0.1 g/L Polysorbate 80, with a pH of                 about 6.0. -   52. A pharmaceutical formulation comprising:     -   an anti-IL-36R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof,         comprising:         -   i. a light chain comprising an amino acid sequence set forth             as SEQ ID NO:118 and a heavy chain comprising an amino acid             sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:125; or         -   ii. a light chain comprising an amino acid sequence set             forth as SEQ ID NO:118 and a heavy chain comprising an amino             acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:127;             -   wherein the formulation includes: about 60 mg/mL of the                 anti-IL-36R antibody, about 45 mM acetate, about 150 mM                 sucrose, about 25 mM L-Arginine, about 0.4 g/L                 Polysorbate 20, with a pH of about 5.5. -   53. A pharmaceutical formulation comprising:     -   an anti-IL-36R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof,         comprising:     -   a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence         of SEQ ID NO: 77; and a heavy chain variable region comprising         the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 87; or     -   a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence         of SEQ ID NO: 77; and a heavy chain variable region comprising         the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 88; or     -   a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence         of SEQ ID NO: 77; and a heavy chain variable region comprising         the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 89; or     -   a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence         of SEQ ID NO: 80; and a heavy chain variable region comprising         the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 87; or     -   a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence         of SEQ ID NO: 80; and a heavy chain variable region comprising         the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 88; or     -   a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence         of SEQ ID NO: 80; and a heavy chain variable region comprising         the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 89;     -   wherein the formulation includes: about 20 mg/mL of the         anti-IL-36R antibody, about 40 mM histidine, about 120 mM         sucrose, about 50 mM L-Arginine, about 5 mM NaCl and about 1.0         g/L Polysorbate 20, with a pH of about 6.0. -   54. A pharmaceutical formulation comprising:     -   an anti-IL-36R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof,         comprising:     -   a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence         of SEQ ID NO: 77; and a heavy chain variable region comprising         the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 87; or     -   a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence         of SEQ ID NO: 77; and a heavy chain variable region comprising         the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 88; or     -   a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence         of SEQ ID NO: 77; and a heavy chain variable region comprising         the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 89; or     -   a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence         of SEQ ID NO: 80; and a heavy chain variable region comprising         the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 87; or     -   a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence         of SEQ ID NO: 80; and a heavy chain variable region comprising         the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 88; or     -   a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence         of SEQ ID NO: 80; and a heavy chain variable region comprising         the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 89;     -   wherein the formulation includes: about 60 mg/mL of the         anti-IL-36R antibody, about 45 mM acetate, about 150 mM sucrose,         about 25 mM L-Arginine, about 0.4 g/L Polysorbate 20, with a pH         of about 5.5. -   55. A pharmaceutical formulation comprising:     -   an anti-IL-36R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof,         comprising:     -   a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence         of SEQ ID NO: 77; and a heavy chain variable region comprising         the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 87; or     -   a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence         of SEQ ID NO: 77; and a heavy chain variable region comprising         the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 88; or     -   a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence         of SEQ ID NO: 77; and a heavy chain variable region comprising         the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 89; or     -   a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence         of SEQ ID NO: 80; and a heavy chain variable region comprising         the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 87; or     -   a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence         of SEQ ID NO: 80; and a heavy chain variable region comprising         the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 88; or     -   a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence         of SEQ ID NO: 80; and a heavy chain variable region comprising         the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 89;     -   wherein the formulation includes: about 20 mg/mL of the         anti-IL-36R antibody, about 45 mM acetate, about 180 mM sucrose,         about 25 mM Glycine, about 0.4 g/L Polysorbate 80, with a pH of         about 5.5. -   56. A pharmaceutical formulation comprising:     -   an anti-IL-36R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof,         comprising:     -   a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence         of SEQ ID NO: 77; and a heavy chain variable region comprising         the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 87; or     -   a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence         of SEQ ID NO: 77; and a heavy chain variable region comprising         the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 88; or     -   a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence         of SEQ ID NO: 77; and a heavy chain variable region comprising         the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 89; or     -   a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence         of SEQ ID NO: 80; and a heavy chain variable region comprising         the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 87; or     -   a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence         of SEQ ID NO: 80; and a heavy chain variable region comprising         the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 88; or     -   a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence         of SEQ ID NO: 80; and a heavy chain variable region comprising         the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 89;     -   wherein the formulation includes: about 150 mg/mL of the         anti-IL-36R antibody, about 25 mM citrate, about 150 mM         trehalose, about 25 mM methionine, about 0.2 g/L Polysorbate 20,         with a pH of about 6.0. -   57. A pharmaceutical formulation comprising:     -   an anti-IL-36R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof,         comprising:     -   a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence         of SEQ ID NO: 77; and a heavy chain variable region comprising         the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 87; or     -   a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence         of SEQ ID NO: 77; and a heavy chain variable region comprising         the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 88; or     -   a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence         of SEQ ID NO: 77; and a heavy chain variable region comprising         the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 89; or     -   a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence         of SEQ ID NO: 80; and a heavy chain variable region comprising         the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 87; or     -   a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence         of SEQ ID NO: 80; and a heavy chain variable region comprising         the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 88; or     -   a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence         of SEQ ID NO: 80; and a heavy chain variable region comprising         the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 89;     -   wherein the formulation includes: about 60 mg/mL of the         anti-IL-36R antibody, about 25 mM histidine, about 160 mM         sucrose, about 20 mM mannitol, about 0.2 g/L Polysorbate 20,         with a pH of about 6.0. -   58. A pharmaceutical formulation comprising:     -   an anti-IL-36R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof,         comprising:     -   a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence         of SEQ ID NO: 77; and a heavy chain variable region comprising         the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 87; or     -   a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence         of SEQ ID NO: 77; and a heavy chain variable region comprising         the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 88; or     -   a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence         of SEQ ID NO: 77; and a heavy chain variable region comprising         the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 89; or     -   a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence         of SEQ ID NO: 80; and a heavy chain variable region comprising         the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 87; or     -   a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence         of SEQ ID NO: 80; and a heavy chain variable region comprising         the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 88; or     -   a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence         of SEQ ID NO: 80; and a heavy chain variable region comprising         the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 89;     -   wherein the formulation includes: about 20 mg/mL of the         anti-IL-36R antibody, about 25 mM citrate, about 200 mM sucrose,         about 0.4 g/L Polysorbate 80, with a pH of about 6.5. -   59. A pharmaceutical formulation comprising:     -   an anti-IL-36R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof,         comprising:     -   a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence         of SEQ ID NO: 77; and a heavy chain variable region comprising         the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 87; or     -   a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence         of SEQ ID NO: 77; and a heavy chain variable region comprising         the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 88; or     -   a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence         of SEQ ID NO: 77; and a heavy chain variable region comprising         the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 89; or     -   a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence         of SEQ ID NO: 80; and a heavy chain variable region comprising         the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 87; or     -   a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence         of SEQ ID NO: 80; and a heavy chain variable region comprising         the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 88; or     -   a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence         of SEQ ID NO: 80; and a heavy chain variable region comprising         the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 89;     -   wherein the formulation includes: about 150 mg/mL of the         anti-IL-36R antibody, about 45 mM acetate, about 150 mM sucrose,         about 25 mM L-Arginine, about 0.4 g/L Polysorbate 20, with a pH         of about 5.5. -   60. A pharmaceutical formulation comprising:     -   an anti-IL-36R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof,         comprising:     -   a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence         of SEQ ID NO: 77; and a heavy chain variable region comprising         the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 87; or     -   a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence         of SEQ ID NO: 77; and a heavy chain variable region comprising         the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 88; or     -   a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence         of SEQ ID NO: 77; and a heavy chain variable region comprising         the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 89; or     -   a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence         of SEQ ID NO: 80; and a heavy chain variable region comprising         the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 87; or     -   a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence         of SEQ ID NO: 80; and a heavy chain variable region comprising         the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 88; or     -   a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence         of SEQ ID NO: 80; and a heavy chain variable region comprising         the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 89;     -   wherein the formulation includes: about 15 mg/mL of the         anti-IL-36R antibody, about 35 mM histidine, about 180 mM         trehalose, about 25 mM L-Arginine, about 3 mM NaCl, about 0.4         g/L Polysorbate 80, with a pH of about 6.0. -   61. A pharmaceutical formulation comprising:     -   an anti-IL-36R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof,         comprising:     -   a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence         of SEQ ID NO: 77; and a heavy chain variable region comprising         the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 87; or     -   a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence         of SEQ ID NO: 77; and a heavy chain variable region comprising         the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 88; or     -   a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence         of SEQ ID NO: 77; and a heavy chain variable region comprising         the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 89; or     -   a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence         of SEQ ID NO: 80; and a heavy chain variable region comprising         the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 87; or     -   a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence         of SEQ ID NO: 80; and a heavy chain variable region comprising         the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 88; or     -   a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence         of SEQ ID NO: 80; and a heavy chain variable region comprising         the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 89;     -   wherein the formulation includes: about 80 mg/mL of the         anti-IL-36R antibody, about 25 mM acetate, about 100 mM         mannitol, about 50 mM NaCl, about 0.2 g/L Polysorbate 20, with a         pH of about 5.5. -   62. A pharmaceutical formulation comprising:     -   an anti-IL-36R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof,         comprising:     -   a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence         of SEQ ID NO: 77; and a heavy chain variable region comprising         the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 87; or     -   a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence         of SEQ ID NO: 77; and a heavy chain variable region comprising         the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 88; or     -   a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence         of SEQ ID NO: 77; and a heavy chain variable region comprising         the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 89; or     -   a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence         of SEQ ID NO: 80; and a heavy chain variable region comprising         the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 87; or     -   a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence         of SEQ ID NO: 80; and a heavy chain variable region comprising         the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 88; or     -   a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence         of SEQ ID NO: 80; and a heavy chain variable region comprising         the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 89;     -   wherein the formulation includes: about 100 mg/mL of the         anti-IL-36R antibody, about 20 mM succinate, about 220 mM         sucrose, about 0.1 g/L Polysorbate 80, with a pH of about 6.0. -   63. A pharmaceutical formulation comprising:     -   an anti-IL-36R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof,         comprising:     -   a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence         of SEQ ID NO: 77; and a heavy chain variable region comprising         the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 87; or     -   a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence         of SEQ ID NO: 80; and a heavy chain variable region comprising         the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 89;     -   wherein the formulation includes: about 60 mg/mL of the         anti-IL-36R antibody, about 45 mM acetate, about 150 mM sucrose,         about 25 mM L-Arginine, about 0.4 g/L Polysorbate 20, with a pH         of about 5.5. -   64. A pharmaceutical formulation comprising:     -   an anti-IL-36R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof,         comprising:         -   i. a light chain comprising an amino acid sequence set forth             as SEQ ID NO:118 and a heavy chain comprising an amino acid             sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:125; or         -   ii. a light chain comprising an amino acid sequence set             forth as SEQ ID NO:118 and a heavy chain comprising an amino             acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:126; or         -   iii. a light chain comprising an amino acid sequence set             forth as SEQ ID NO:118 and a heavy chain comprising an amino             acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:127;             -   wherein the formulation is selected from the group                 consisting of:                 -   I. formulation comprising about 20 mg/mL to about                     150 mg/mL of the anti-IL-36R antibody, about 40 mM                     histidine, about 120 mM sucrose, about 50 mM                     L-Arginine, about 5 mM NaCl and about 1.0 g/L                     Polysorbate 20, with a pH of about 6.0;                 -   II. formulation comprising about 20 mg/mL to about                     150 mg/mL of the anti-IL-36R antibody, about 45 mM                     acetate, about 150 mM sucrose, about 25 mM                     L-Arginine, about 0.4 g/L Polysorbate 20, with a pH                     of about 5.5;                 -   III. formulation comprising about 20 mg/mL to about                     150 mg/mL of the anti-IL-36R antibody, about 45 mM                     acetate, about 180 mM sucrose, about 25 mM Glycine,                     about 0.4 g/L Polysorbate 80, with a pH of about                     5.5;                 -   IV. formulation comprising about 20 mg/mL to about                     150 mg/mL of the anti-IL-36R antibody, about 25 mM                     citrate, about 150 mM trehalose, about 25 mM                     methionine, about 0.2 g/L Polysorbate 20, with a pH                     of about 6.0;                 -   V. formulation comprising about 20 mg/mL to about                     150 mg/mL of the anti-IL-36R antibody, about 25 mM                     histidine, about 160 mM sucrose, about 20 mM                     mannitol, about 0.2 g/L Polysorbate 20, with a pH of                     about 6.0;                 -   VI. formulation comprising about 20 mg/mL to about                     150 mg/mL of the anti-IL-36R antibody, about 25 mM                     citrate, about 200 mM sucrose, about 0.4 g/L                     Polysorbate 80, with a pH of about 6.5;                 -   VII. formulation comprising about 20 mg/mL to about                     150 mg/mL of the anti-IL-36R antibody, about 45 mM                     acetate, about 150 mM sucrose, about 25 mM                     L-Arginine, about 0.4 g/L Polysorbate 20, with a pH                     of about 5.5;                 -   VIII. formulation comprising about 20 mg/mL to about                     150 mg/mL of the anti-IL-36R antibody, about 35 mM                     histidine, about 180 mM trehalose, about 25 mM                     L-Arginine, about 3 mM NaCl, about 0.4 g/L                     Polysorbate 80, with a pH of about 6.0;                 -   IX. formulation comprising about 20 mg/mL to about                     150 mg/mL of the anti-IL-36R antibody, about 25 mM                     acetate, about 100 mM mannitol, about 50 mM NaCl,                     about 0.2 g/L Polysorbate 20, with a pH of about                     5.5; and                 -   X. formulation comprising about 20 mg/mL to about                     150 mg/mL of the anti-IL-36R antibody, about 20 mM                     succinate, about 220 mM sucrose, about 0.1 g/L                     Polysorbate 80, with a pH of about 6.0. -   65. A pharmaceutical formulation comprising:     -   an anti-IL-36R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof,         comprising:     -   a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence         of SEQ ID NO: 77; and a heavy chain variable region comprising         the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 87; or     -   a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence         of SEQ ID NO: 77; and a heavy chain variable region comprising         the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 88; or     -   a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence         of SEQ ID NO: 77; and a heavy chain variable region comprising         the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 89; or     -   a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence         of SEQ ID NO: 80; and a heavy chain variable region comprising         the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 87; or     -   a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence         of SEQ ID NO: 80; and a heavy chain variable region comprising         the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 88; or     -   a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence         of SEQ ID NO: 80; and a heavy chain variable region comprising         the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 89;         -   wherein the formulation is selected from the group             consisting of:             -   I. formulation comprising about 20 mg/mL to about 150                 mg/mL of the anti-IL-36R antibody, about 40 mM                 histidine, about 120 mM sucrose, about 50 mM L-Arginine,                 about 5 mM NaCl and about 1.0 g/L Polysorbate 20, with a                 pH of about 6.0;             -   II. formulation comprising about 20 mg/mL to about 150                 mg/mL of the anti-IL-36R antibody, about 45 mM acetate,                 about 150 mM sucrose, about 25 mM L-Arginine, about 0.4                 g/L Polysorbate 20, with a pH of about 5.5;             -   III. formulation comprising about 20 mg/mL to about 150                 mg/mL of the anti-IL-36R antibody, about 45 mM acetate,                 about 180 mM sucrose, about 25 mM Glycine, about 0.4 g/L                 Polysorbate 80, with a pH of about 5.5;             -   IV. formulation comprising about 20 mg/mL to about 150                 mg/mL of the anti-IL-36R antibody, about 25 mM citrate,                 about 150 mM trehalose, about 25 mM methionine, about                 0.2 g/L Polysorbate 20, with a pH of about 6.0;             -   V. formulation comprising about 20 mg/mL to about 150                 mg/mL of the anti-IL-36R antibody, about 25 mM                 histidine, about 160 mM sucrose, about 20 mM mannitol,                 about 0.2 g/L Polysorbate 20, with a pH of about 6.0;             -   VI. formulation comprising about 20 mg/mL to about 150                 mg/mL of the anti-IL-36R antibody, about 25 mM citrate,                 about 200 mM sucrose, about 0.4 g/L Polysorbate 80, with                 a pH of about 6.5;             -   VII. formulation comprising about 20 mg/mL to about 150                 mg/mL of the anti-IL-36R antibody, about 45 mM acetate,                 about 150 mM sucrose, about 25 mM L-Arginine, about 0.4                 g/L Polysorbate 20, with a pH of about 5.5;             -   VIII. formulation comprising about 20 mg/mL to about 150                 mg/mL of the anti-IL-36R antibody, about 35 mM                 histidine, about 180 mM trehalose, about 25 mM                 L-Arginine, about 3 mM NaCl, about 0.4 g/L Polysorbate                 80, with a pH of about 6.0;             -   IX. formulation comprising about 20 mg/mL to about 150                 mg/mL of the anti-IL-36R antibody, about 25 mM acetate,                 about 100 mM mannitol, about 50 mM NaCl, about 0.2 g/L                 Polysorbate 20, with a pH of about 5.5; and             -   X. formulation comprising about 20 mg/mL to about 150                 mg/mL of the anti-IL-36R antibody, about 20 mM                 succinate, about 220 mM sucrose, about 0.1 g/L                 Polysorbate 80, with a pH of about 6.0.

In an embodiment relating to any of the first or second aspects, the formulation comprises about 20 mg/mL to about 150 mg/mL of an anti-IL-36R antibody, about 40 mM histidine, about 120 mM sucrose, about 50 mM L-Arginine, about 5 mM NaCl and about 1.0 g/L Polysorbate 20, with a pH of about 6.0; wherein the anti-IL-36R antibody consists of a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 80; and a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 87. In a related embodiment, the formulation comprises 20 mg/mL of the antibody. In a related embodiment, the formulation comprises 150 mg/mL of the antibody. In another embodiment, the formulation comprises about 20 mg/mL to about 150 mg/mL of an anti-IL-36R antibody, about 45 mM acetate, about 150 mM sucrose, about 25 mM L-Arginine, about 0.4 g/L Polysorbate 20, with a pH of about 5.5; wherein the anti-IL-36R antibody consists of a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 80; and a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 87. In a related embodiment, the formulation comprises 20 mg/mL of the antibody. In a related embodiment, the formulation comprises 150 mg/mL of the antibody.

In an embodiment relating to any of the first or second aspects, the formulation comprises about 20 mg/mL to about 150 mg/mL of an anti-IL-36R antibody, about 40 mM histidine, about 120 mM sucrose, about 50 mM L-Arginine, about 5 mM NaCl and about 1.0 g/L Polysorbate 20, with a pH of about 6.0; wherein the anti-IL-36R antibody consists of a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 80; and a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 89. In a related embodiment, the formulation comprises 20 mg/mL of the antibody. In a related embodiment, the formulation comprises 150 mg/mL of the antibody. In another embodiment, the formulation comprises about 20 mg/mL to about 150 mg/mL of an anti-IL-36R antibody, about 45 mM acetate, about 150 mM sucrose, about 25 mM L-Arginine, about 0.4 g/L Polysorbate 20, with a pH of about 5.5; wherein the anti-IL-36R antibody consists of a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 80; and a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 89. In a related embodiment, the formulation comprises 20 mg/mL of the antibody. In a related embodiment, the formulation comprises 150 mg/mL of the antibody.

In an embodiment relating to any of the first or second aspects, the formulation comprises about 20 mg/mL to about 150 mg/mL of an anti-IL-36R antibody, about 40 mM histidine, about 120 mM sucrose, about 50 mM L-Arginine, about 5 mM NaCl and about 1.0 g/L Polysorbate 20, with a pH of about 6.0; wherein the anti-IL-36R antibody consists of a light chain comprising an amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:118 and a heavy chain comprising an amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:125. In a related embodiment, the formulation comprises 20 mg/mL of the antibody. In a related embodiment, the formulation comprises 150 mg/mL of the antibody. In another embodiment, the formulation comprises about 20 mg/mL to about 150 mg/mL of an anti-IL-36R antibody, about 45 mM acetate, about 150 mM sucrose, about 25 mM L-Arginine, about 0.4 g/L Polysorbate 20, with a pH of about 5.5; wherein the anti-IL-36R antibody consists of a light chain comprising an amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:118 and a heavy chain comprising an amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:125. In a related embodiment, the formulation comprises 20 mg/mL of the antibody. In a related embodiment, the formulation comprises 150 mg/mL of the antibody.

In an embodiment relating to any of the first or second aspects, the formulation comprises about 20 mg/mL to about 150 mg/mL of an anti-IL-36R antibody, about 40 mM histidine, about 120 mM sucrose, about 50 mM L-Arginine, about 5 mM NaCl and about 1.0 g/L Polysorbate 20, with a pH of about 6.0; wherein the anti-IL-36R antibody consists of a light chain comprising an amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:118 and a heavy chain comprising an amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:127. In a related embodiment, the formulation comprises 20 mg/mL of the antibody. In a related embodiment, the formulation comprises 150 mg/mL of the antibody. In another embodiment, the formulation comprises about 20 mg/mL to about 150 mg/mL of an anti-IL-36R antibody, about 45 mM acetate, about 150 mM sucrose, about 25 mM L-Arginine, about 0.4 g/L Polysorbate 20, with a pH of about 5.5; wherein the anti-IL-36R antibody consists of a light chain comprising an amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:118 and a heavy chain comprising an amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:127. In a related embodiment, the formulation comprises 20 mg/mL of the antibody. In a related embodiment, the formulation comprises 150 mg/mL of the antibody.

In an embodiment relating to any of the first or second aspects, the formulation comprises about 20 mg/mL to about 150 mg/mL of an anti-IL-36R antibody, about 25 mM citrate and about 0.4 g/L Polysorbate 20, with a pH of about 6.5; wherein the anti-IL-36R antibody consists of a light chain comprising an amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:118 and a heavy chain comprising an amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:127. In another embodiment, the formulation comprises about 20 mg/mL to about 150 mg/mL of an anti-IL-36R antibody, about 25 mM citrate and about 0.4 g/L Polysorbate 20, with a pH of about 6.5; wherein the anti-IL-36R antibody consists of a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 80; and a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 89.

In a third aspect, the present invention provides a pharmaceutical product comprising a vial or syringe or device (e.g., autoinjector or needle safety device) comprising the pharmaceutical formulation according to the first or second aspect of the present invention. In an embodiment relating to this aspect, the pharmaceutical product comprises a pre-assembled injection device comprising the syringe (syringe comprising the pharmaceutical formulation) according to the first or second aspect of the present invention. In a related embodiment, the pre-assembled injection device is an autoinjector or needle safety device.

In an embodiment relating to the third aspect, said “pre-assembled injection device” is either a syringe with plunger rod and finger flange, a needle-safety device or an autoinjector. The needle safety device provides a needle protection mechanism which upon activation or injection retracts the needle from the injection site. For example, the needle safety device may be driven by a spring. An autoinjector is a medical device designed to deliver one dose of a drug, particularly an injectable drug. Syringes, needle-safety devices and autoinjectors avoid the need of transferring a drug from a vial into an injection device—a step which is laborious, often difficult and subject to particular risks (e.g., contamination or misdosage). Autoinjectors and needle-safety devices are easy to use and are intended for self-administration by patients, or administration by untrained personnel. Autoinjectors have a retractable needle, or a needle which is protected by a particular shield. Compared to syringes they offer facilitated handling, and they thus reduce risk of injury, or contamination, which contributes to their suitability for home use.

Autoinjectors further help to overcome the hesitation often associated with self-administration of the needle-based drug delivery device, and thus provide enhanced patient compliance, which in turn secures that the drug is regularly taken according to the prescribed dosage regimen, thus increasing the likelihood of therapeutic success. This is particularly important in therapeutic regimens which require repeated treatment, as is the case in many chronic diseases, like autoimmune diseases or in many cancer types which, due to targeted therapy, turn chronic nor near chronic.

Further, in such indications it is particularly beneficial if the patient can treat himself or herself at home, as is the case with autoinjectors and needle-safety devices. Home treatment further reduces therapy costs and increases patient compliance, as the patients do not have to see medical personnel each time the dosage regimen requires that the drug is delivered. In an embodiment of the invention, said autoinjector is from the spring-loaded syringe type. Such type contains a spring-loaded needle connected to a syringe. In another embodiment, said autoinjector is from the gas jet autoinjector type. The latter contains a cylinder of pressurised gas and propels a fine jet of liquid through the skin without the use of a needle. This has the advantage that the autoinjector can be reloaded, and a variety of different doses or different drugs can be used. In another embodiment of the invention, said pre-assembled injection device is selected from the group consisting of a conventional autoinjector, and/or wet/dry auto-injector.

A conventional autoinjector comprises the syringe (syringe filled with the pharmaceutical formulation) as outlined above and can be used for administration directly. A wet/dry auto-injector (also called “Liquid Dry autoinjector” or “Dual Chamber autoinjector”) is a two-chambered autoinjector that keeps the pharmaceutical formulation, or its active component, disposed in a dry chamber in a dry, stable form (e.g., lyophilized) until it is used. Prior to administration, the pharmaceutical formulation, or its active component, is reconstituted by transfer into a second chamber (“wet chamber”) containing a solvent or the solvent from a second chamber is transferred onto the first chamber. For said purpose, the dry chamber containing the solid medicament powder can for example also contain a volume of air or other gas which is replaced by the solvent when the pharmaceutical formulation, or its active component is reconstituted.

Preferably, the autoinjector is a disposable autoinjector and for single use. Suitable autoinjectors which can be used in the context of the present invention include the autoinjectors manufactured by Ypsomed. These include monodose devices, like the products sold under the trademarks “LyoTwist”, “YpsoMate”, “YpsoJect” and “VarioJect”. In an embodiment, the outer shell(s) of the autoinjector is customized to increase the ease of use and safety for the user.

Other suitable autoinjectors which can be used in the context of the present invention include the autocoinjectors manufactured by SHL. These include the products sold under the trademarks “Molly™”, “DAI™”, “DAI™-RNS”, “DAI™-R”, “SDI MIX+NIT™”, “VSDI™”, “PSDI™”, “Naisa™” and “DCP™ (OEM)”.

A further preferred type of autoinjector is the Physioject™ Disposable Autolnjector manufactured by Becton Dickinson. This auto-injector of the conventional type holds 1-2 mL prefilled syringes with a subcutaneous needle, is easy to assemble (2 assembly components), robust, has a large window for visual check and is tamper evident.

Another preferred type of autoinjector is the BD™ Liquid Dry Injector™ manufactured by Becton Dickinson™. This autoinjector of the wet/dry type allows the patient to reconstitute and inject a lyophilized pharmaceutical formulation according to the present invention, eliminating the need to handle vials and syringes.

Yet other suitable autoinjectors are the ASITMauto™ injector and the OTS™™ disposable auto injector provided by Bespaklnjectables™, the SafeClickTMautoinjector™ provided by Aqueo Future Injection Technologies™, and the SafeClick™-Lyo and the SafeClick™-Visco provided by Future Injection Technology™. This list is however non-restricting.

Preferably, the needle-safety device is a disposable needle-safety device and for single use. Suitable needle-safety device which can be used in the context of the present invention include the needle-safety device manufactured by Nemera. These include mono-dose devices as the passive safety device Safe‘n’Sound®.

In an embodiment of the present invention relating to the Nemeras Safe‘n’Sound®, a customization of the plunger rod and finger flange increase the ease of handling for the user.

Other suitable passive needle safety devices which might be used in the context of the present invention include the BD Preventis™ or the BD Ultrasafe™ manufactured by BD.

Further passive needle safety devices are for e.g. the Biocorp Newguard™ or the Owen Mumford Unisafe™.

Preferably the needle-safety device is a disposable needle-safety device and for single-use. Suitable needle-safety device which can be used in the context of the present invention include the needle-safety device manufactured by Nemera. These include monodose-devices as the passive safety device Safe‘n’Sound®. In an embodiment, the Nemeras Safe‘n’Sound® needle safety device has a modified plunger rod and/or finger flange to increase the ease of using and handling for the user.

Other suitable passive needle safety devices which might be used in the context of the present invention include the BD Previentis™ or the BD Ultrasafe™ manufactured by BD.

Further passive needle safety devices are for e.g. the Biocorp Newguard™ or the Owen Mumford Unisafe™.

In another embodiment of the invention relating to the third aspect, the injection device is a pre-filled syringe or as syrette. A syrette is a device for injecting liquid through a needle. It is similar to a syringe except that it has a closed flexible tube instead of a rigid tube and piston. The term “pre-filled syringe” is self-explaining. Pre-filled syringes share many advantages with autoinjectors. Like autoinjectors, pre-filled syringes are available as conventional syringes and wet/dry syringes (also called dual-chamber syringes). Syringes are, for example, provided by Becton Dickinson™, Nuova Ompi™, Schott AG and others. Plunger stoppers are, for example, provided by Becton Dickinson™, West Pharmaceuticals™, and others. Manufacturing of the prefilled syringes can be provided, for example, by Boehringer Ingelheim™, Vetter Pharma International, and others.

In an embodiment relating to the third aspect, the present invention relates a formulation of an anti-IL-36R antibody as disclosed herein provided in a variety of dosage forms and strengths comprising:

-   (i) An auto Injector (AI)—e.g., a custom-made model by     YpsoMate®-comprising:     -   a. about 300 mg of the antibody in about 2 mL formulation volume         in a single-dose AI;     -   b. about 225 mg of the antibody in about 1.5 mL formulation         volume in a single-dose AI;     -   c. about 150 mg of the antibody in about 1 mL formulation volume         in a single-dose AI;     -   d. about 75 mg of the antibody in about 0.5 mL formulation         volume in a single-dose AI; or     -   e. about 60 mg of the antibody in about 0.4 mL formulation         volume in a single-dose AI; -   (ii) A prefilled syringe equipped with a needle-safety device and,     e.g., customized EFF and PR, comprising:     -   a. about 300 mg of the antibody in about 2 mL formulation volume         in a single-dose prefilled glass syringe;     -   b. about 225 mg of the antibody in about 1.5 mL formulation         volume in a single-dose prefilled glass syringe;     -   c. about 150 mg of the antibody in about 1 mL formulation volume         in a single-dose prefilled glass syringe;     -   d. about 75 mg of the antibody in about 0.5 mL formulation         volume in a single-dose prefilled glass syringe; or     -   e. about 60 mg of the antibody in about 0.4 mL formulation         volume in a single-dose prefilled glass syringe; or -   (iii) A prefilled syringe without a needle-safety, comprising:     -   a. about 300 mg of the antibody in about 2 mL formulation volume         in a single-dose prefilled glass syringe;     -   b. about 225 mg of the antibody in about 1.5 mL formulation         volume in a single-dose prefilled glass syringe;     -   c. about 150 mg of the antibody in about 1 mL formulation volume         in a single-dose prefilled glass syringe;     -   d. about 75 mg of the antibody in about 0.5 mL formulation         volume in a single-dose prefilled glass syringe; or     -   e. about 60 mg of the antibody in about 0.4 mL formulation         volume in a single-dose prefilled glass syringe; or -   (iv) A vial comprising:     -   a. about 1200 mg of the antibody in about 20 mL formulation         volume in a single-dose glass vial;     -   b. about 900 mg of the antibody in about 15 mL formulation         volume in a single-dose glass vial;     -   c. about 600 mg of the antibody in about 10 mL formulation         volume in a single-dose glass vial;     -   d. about 450 mg of the antibody in about 7.5 mL formulation         volume in a single-dose glass vial;     -   e. about 300 mg of the antibody in about 5 mL formulation volume         in a single-dose glass vial;     -   f. about 150 mg of the antibody in about 2.5 mL formulation         volume in a single-dose glass vial; or     -   g. about 75 mg of the antibody in about 1.25 mL formulation         volume in a single-dose glass vial; or     -   h. about 60 mg of the antibody in about 1 mL formulation volume         in a single-dose glass vial; or     -   i. about 30 mg of the antibody in about 0.5 mL formulation         volume in a single-dose glass vial; or -   (v) An infusion bag, comprising:     -   a. 30 mg to 1200 mg of the antibody in about 100 mL to 500 mL         0.9% NaCl solution.

Various other examples or embodiments relating to the third aspect of the present invention are described as numbered clauses (66-77) below for convenience. These are provided as examples and do not limit the subject technology. It is noted that any of the dependent clauses may be combined in any combination, and placed into a respective independent clause, e.g., clause 64. The other clauses can be presented in a similar manner.

-   66. A pharmaceutical product comprising a vial or syringe comprising     the pharmaceutical formulation according to any of clauses of the     first or second aspects. -   67. The pharmaceutical product according to clause 66 further     comprising a pre-assembled injection device. -   68. The pharmaceutical product of clause 67 wherein the     pre-assembled injection device is an autoinjector or a syringe with     or without a needle safety device. -   69. A pre-assembled injection device comprising a pharmaceutical     formulation according to any one of clauses of the first or second     aspects. -   70. The pre-assembled injection device according to clause 69,     wherein said device is an autoinjector or a syringe with or without     a needle safety device. -   71. The pre-assembled injection device according to clause 69,     wherein said formulation is suitable for intravenous, subcutaneous     or intramuscular administration. -   72. The pre-assembled injection device according to clause 70,     wherein the autoinjector or the syringe with or without needle     safety device includes a pharmaceutical formulation comprising:     -   an anti-IL-36R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof,         comprising:         -   i. a light chain comprising an amino acid sequence set forth             as SEQ ID NO:118 and a heavy chain comprising an amino acid             sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:125; or         -   ii. a light chain comprising an amino acid sequence set             forth as SEQ ID NO:118 and a heavy chain comprising an amino             acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:126; or             -   a light chain comprising an amino acid sequence set                 forth as SEQ ID NO:118 and a heavy chain comprising an                 amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:127; wherein                 the formulation is selected from the group consisting                 of:                 -   I. formulation comprising about 20 mg/ml of the                     anti-IL-36R antibody, about 40 mM histidine, about                     120 mM sucrose, about 50 mM L-Arginine, about 5 mM                     NaCl and about 1.0 g/L Polysorbate 20, with a pH of                     about 6.0;                 -   II. formulation comprising about 60 mg/mL of the                     anti-IL-36R antibody, about 45 mM acetate, about 150                     mM sucrose, about 25 mM L-Arginine, about 0.4 g/L                     Polysorbate 20, with a pH of about 5.5;                 -   III. formulation comprising about 20 mg/mL of the                     anti-IL-36R antibody, about 45 mM acetate, about 180                     mM sucrose, about 25 mM Glycine, about 0.4 g/L                     Polysorbate 80, with a pH of about 5.5;                 -   IV. formulation comprising about 150 mg/mL of the                     anti-IL-36R antibody, about 25 mM citrate, about 150                     mM trehalose, about 25 mM methionine, about 0.2 g/L                     Polysorbate 20, with a pH of about 6.0;                 -   V. formulation comprising about 60 mg/mL of the                     anti-IL-36R antibody, about 25 mM histidine, about                     160 mM sucrose, about 20 mM mannitol, about 0.2 g/L                     Polysorbate 20, with a pH of about 6.0;                 -   VI. formulation comprising about 20 mg/mL of the                     anti-IL-36R antibody, about 25 mM citrate, about 200                     mM sucrose, about 0.4 g/L Polysorbate 80, with a pH                     of about 6.5;                 -   VII. formulation comprising about 150 mg/mL of the                     anti-IL-36R antibody, about 45 mM acetate, about 150                     mM sucrose, about 25 mM L-Arginine, about 0.4 g/L                     Polysorbate 20, with a pH of about 5.5;                 -   VIII. formulation comprising about 15 mg/mL of the                     anti-IL-36R antibody, about 35 mM histidine, about                     180 mM trehalose, about 25 mM L-Arginine, about 3 mM                     NaCl, about 0.4 g/L Polysorbate 80, with a pH of                     about 6.0;                 -   IX. formulation comprising about 80 mg/mL of the                     anti-IL-36R antibody, about 25 mM acetate, about 100                     mM mannitol, about 50 mM NaCl, about 0.2 g/L                     Polysorbate 20, with a pH of about 5.5; and                 -   X. formulation comprising about 100 mg/mL of the                     anti-IL-36R antibody, about 20 mM succinate, about                     220 mM sucrose, about 0.1 g/L Polysorbate 80, with a                     pH of about 6.0. -   73. The pre-assembled injection device according to clause 70,     wherein the autoinjector or the syringe with a needle safety device     includes:     -   a. about 300 mg of the antibody in about 2 mL formulation         volume; or     -   b. about 225 mg of the antibody in about 1.5 mL formulation         volume; or     -   c. about 150 mg of the antibody in about 1 mL formulation         volume; or     -   d. about 75 mg of the antibody in about 0.5 mL formulation         volume; or     -   e. about 60 mg of the antibody in about 0.4 mL formulation         volume. -   74. The vial according to clause 66, wherein the vial includes:     -   a. about 1200 mg of the antibody in about 20 mL formulation         volume; or     -   b. about 900 mg of the antibody in about 15 mL formulation         volume; or     -   c. about 600 mg of the antibody in about 10 mL formulation         volume; or     -   d. about 300 mg of the antibody in about 150 mL formulation         volume; or     -   e. about 1500 mg of the antibody in about 2.5 mL formulation         volume. -   75. A pharmaceutical product, comprising: a vial comprising about     100 mg to 1500 mg of an anti-IL-36R antibody in powder form;     instructions for reconstitution of the anti-IL-36R antibody; and     instructions for preparing the reconstituted antibody for infusion,     wherein the anti-IL-36R antibody comprises a light chain comprising     an amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:118 and a heavy chain     comprising an amino acid sequence set forth as any one of SEQ ID     Nos:125, 126 or 127; and the reconstitution instructions require     reconstitution with water for injection to an extractable volume     from 1 to 50 mL. -   76. The pharmaceutical product according to any of clauses 66-68 or     the pre-assembled injection device according to any of clauses     69-73, wherein the pharmaceutical formulation comprises:     -   a. An anti-IL-36R antibody or an antigen binding fragment         thereof present at a concentration within the range from about         0.5 mg/mL to about 220 mg/mL;     -   b. A buffer present at a concentration within the range from         about 20 mM to about 80 mM;     -   c. A tonicifying agent present at a concentration within the         range from about 100 mM to about 400 mM;     -   wherein the formulation is characterized by a pH within the         range from about 5 to about 8 when in aqueous form. -   77. The pharmaceutical formulation according to any of clauses 1-10,     wherein the pharmaceutical formulation comprises:     -   d. An anti-IL-36R antibody or an antigen binding fragment         thereof present at a concentration within the range from about         0.5 mg/mL to about 220 mg/mL;     -   e. A buffer present at a concentration within the range from         about 20 mM to about 80 mM;     -   f. A tonicifying agent present at a concentration within the         range from about 100 mM to about 400 mM;     -   wherein the formulation is characterized by a pH within the         range from about 5 to about 8 when in aqueous form.

In an embodiment related to the third aspect and/or clauses 66-77, the anti-IL-36R antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 80; and a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 87; or a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 80; and a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 88; or a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 80; and a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 89. In one embodiment the anti-IL-36R antibody comprises a light chain comprising an amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:118 and a heavy chain comprising an amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:125; or a light chain comprising an amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:118 and a heavy chain comprising an amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:126; or a light chain comprising an amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:118 and a heavy chain comprising an amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:127. In a particular embodiment, the anti-IL-36R antibody comprises a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 80; and a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 89. In another particular embodiment, the anti-IL-36R antibody consists of a light chain comprising an amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:118 and a heavy chain comprising an amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:127.

In a forth aspect, the present invention relates to a method of making a pharmaceutical formulation of the present invention, said method comprising: a) culturing mammalian cells having stably incorporated into their genome one or more nucleic acids encoding the light and heavy chains of an anti-IL-36R antibody disclosed herein so that the cells secrete the antibody into the cell culture media, and purifying the antibody from the cell culture media; and b) preparing the formulation according to the first or second aspect. In a related embodiment, the nucleic acid encoding the light chain of the anti-IL-36R antibody comprises a nucleotide sequence encoding SEQ ID NO:118, and wherein the nucleic acid encoding the heavy chain of the anti-IL-36R antibody comprises a nucleotide sequence encoding SEQ ID NO:125. In another related embodiment, the nucleic acid encoding the light chain of the anti-IL-36R antibody comprises a nucleotide sequence encoding SEQ ID NO:118, and wherein the nucleic acid encoding the heavy chain of the anti-IL-36R antibody comprises a nucleotide sequence encoding SEQ ID NO:126. In another related embodiment, the nucleic acid encoding the light chain of the anti-IL-36R antibody comprises a nucleotide sequence encoding SEQ ID NO:118, and wherein the nucleic acid encoding the heavy chain of the anti-IL-36R antibody comprises a nucleotide sequence encoding SEQ ID NO:127.

In another embodiment relating to the forth aspect, the formulation comprises an anti-IL-36R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof, comprising:

-   -   i. a light chain comprising an amino acid sequence set forth as         SEQ ID NO:118 and a heavy chain comprising an amino acid         sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:125; or     -   ii. a light chain comprising an amino acid sequence set forth as         SEQ ID NO:118 and a heavy chain comprising an amino acid         sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:126; or     -   iii. a light chain comprising an amino acid sequence set forth         as SEQ ID NO:118 and a heavy chain comprising an amino acid         sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:127;         -   wherein the formulation is selected from the group             consisting of:         -   I. formulation comprising about 20 mg/mL of the anti-IL-36R             antibody, about 40 mM histidine, about 120 mM sucrose, about             50 mM L-Arginine, about 5 mM NaCl and about 1.0 g/L             Polysorbate 20, with a pH of about 6.0;         -   II. formulation comprising about 60 mg/mL of the anti-IL-36R             antibody, about 45 mM acetate, about 150 mM sucrose, about             25 mM L-Arginine, about 0.4 g/L Polysorbate 20, with a pH of             about 5.5;         -   III. formulation comprising about 20 mg/mL of the             anti-IL-36R antibody, about 45 mM acetate, about 180 mM             sucrose, about 25 mM Glycine, about 0.4 g/L Polysorbate 80,             with a pH of about 5.5;         -   IV. formulation comprising about 150 mg/mL of the             anti-IL-36R antibody, about 25 mM citrate, about 150 mM             trehalose, about 25 mM methionine, about 0.2 g/L Polysorbate             20, with a pH of about 6.0;         -   V. formulation comprising about 60 mg/mL of the anti-IL-36R             antibody, about 25 mM histidine, about 160 mM sucrose, about             20 mM mannitol, about 0.2 g/L Polysorbate 20, with a pH of             about 6.0;         -   VI. formulation comprising about 20 mg/mL of the anti-IL-36R             antibody, about 25 mM citrate, about 200 mM sucrose, about             0.4 g/L Polysorbate 80, with a pH of about 6.5;         -   VII. formulation comprising about 150 mg/mL of the             anti-IL-36R antibody, about 45 mM acetate, about 150 mM             sucrose, about 25 mM L-Arginine, about 0.4 g/L Polysorbate             20, with a pH of about 5.5;         -   VIII. formulation comprising about 15 mg/mL of the             anti-IL-36R antibody, about 35 mM histidine, about 180 mM             trehalose, about 25 mM L-Arginine, about 3 mM NaCl, about             0.4 g/L Polysorbate 80, with a pH of about 6.0;         -   IX. formulation comprising about 80 mg/mL of the anti-IL-36R             antibody, about 25 mM acetate, about 100 mM mannitol, about             50 mM NaCl, about 0.2 g/L Polysorbate 20, with a pH of about             5.5; and         -   X. formulation comprising about 100 mg/mL of the anti-IL-36R             antibody, about 20 mM succinate, about 220 mM sucrose, about             0.1 g/L Polysorbate 80, with a pH of about 6.0.

In an embodiment related to the forth aspect, the anti-IL-36R antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 80; and a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 87; or a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 80; and a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 88; or a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 80; and a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 89. In one embodiment the anti-IL-36R antibody comprises a light chain comprising an amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:118 and a heavy chain comprising an amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:125; or a light chain comprising an amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:118 and a heavy chain comprising an amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:126; or a light chain comprising an amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:118 and a heavy chain comprising an amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:127. In a particular embodiment, the anti-IL-36R antibody comprises a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 80; and a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 89. In another particular embodiment, the anti-IL-36R antibody consists of a light chain comprising an amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:118 and a heavy chain comprising an amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:127.

In a fifth aspect, the present invention relates to a method of reducing aggregation and/or fragmentation of an anti-IL-36R antibody disclosed herein, comprising formulating the antibody in a buffer system and surfactant and evaluating data (e.g., any antibody aggregation) before and after the antibody is formulated. In an embodiment relating to the fifth aspect, the antibody is formulated according to any of the embodiments of the first or second aspects.

In an embodiment relating to the fifth aspect, the formulation includes the an anti-IL-36R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof, comprising:

-   -   i. a light chain comprising an amino acid sequence set forth as         SEQ ID NO:118 and a heavy chain comprising an amino acid         sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:125; or     -   ii. a light chain comprising an amino acid sequence set forth as         SEQ ID NO:118 and a heavy chain comprising an amino acid         sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:126; or     -   iii. a light chain comprising an amino acid sequence set forth         as SEQ ID NO:118 and a heavy chain comprising an amino acid         sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:127;         -   wherein the formulation is selected from the group             consisting of:         -   I. formulation comprising about 20 mg/ml of the anti-IL-36R             antibody, about 40 mM histidine, about 120 mM sucrose, about             50 mM L-Arginine, about 5 mM NaCl and about 1.0 g/L             Polysorbate 20, with a pH of about 6.0;         -   II. formulation comprising about 60 mg/mL of the anti-IL-36R             antibody, about 45 mM acetate, about 150 mM sucrose, about             25 mM L-Arginine, about 0.4 g/L Polysorbate 20, with a pH of             about 5.5;         -   III. formulation comprising about 20 mg/mL of the             anti-IL-36R antibody, about 45 mM acetate, about 180 mM             sucrose, about 25 mM Glycine, about 0.4 g/L Polysorbate 80,             with a pH of about 5.5;         -   IV. formulation comprising about 150 mg/mL of the             anti-IL-36R antibody, about 25 mM citrate, about 150 mM             trehalose, about 25 mM methionine, about 0.2 g/L Polysorbate             20, with a pH of about 6.0;         -   V. formulation comprising about 60 mg/mL of the anti-IL-36R             antibody, about 25 mM histidine, about 160 mM sucrose, about             20 mM mannitol, about 0.2 g/L Polysorbate 20, with a pH of             about 6.0;         -   VI. formulation comprising about 20 mg/mL of the anti-IL-36R             antibody, about 25 mM citrate, about 200 mM sucrose, about             0.4 g/L Polysorbate 80, with a pH of about 6.5;         -   VII. formulation comprising about 150 mg/mL of the             anti-IL-36R antibody, about 45 mM acetate, about 150 mM             sucrose, about 25 mM L-Arginine, about 0.4 g/L Polysorbate             20, with a pH of about 5.5;         -   VIII. formulation comprising about 15 mg/mL of the             anti-IL-36R antibody, about 35 mM histidine, about 180 mM             trehalose, about 25 mM L-Arginine, about 3 mM NaCl, about             0.4 g/L Polysorbate 80, with a pH of about 6.0;         -   IX. formulation comprising about 80 mg/mL of the anti-IL-36R             antibody, about 25 mM acetate, about 100 mM mannitol, about             50 mM NaCl, about 0.2 g/L Polysorbate 20, with a pH of about             5.5; and         -   X. formulation comprising about 100 mg/mL of the anti-IL-36R             antibody, about 20 mM succinate, about 220 mM sucrose, about             0.1 g/L Polysorbate 80, with a pH of about 6.0.

In an embodiment related to the fifth aspect, the anti-IL-36R antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 80; and a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 87; or a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 80; and a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 88; or a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 80; and a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 89. In one embodiment the anti-IL-36R antibody comprises a light chain comprising an amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:118 and a heavy chain comprising an amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:125; or a light chain comprising an amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:118 and a heavy chain comprising an amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:126; or a light chain comprising an amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:118 and a heavy chain comprising an amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:127. In a particular embodiment, the anti-IL-36R antibody comprises a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 80; and a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 89. In another particular embodiment, the anti-IL-36R antibody consists of a light chain comprising an amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:118 and a heavy chain comprising an amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:127.

In a sixth aspect, the present invention relates to a kit of parts, comprising at least a container comprising a pharmaceutical formulation according to any of aspects first or second, and an injection device according to aspect third. In an embodiment, the kit of parts, comprising at least a container comprising a pharmaceutical formulation according to the first or second aspect. In a related embodiment, the kit of parts comprises one or more vials containing the formulation according to the first or second aspect and instructions for subcutaneous or intramuscular administration of the formulation to a subject. The kit of parts or the injection device according to the invention is, for example, adapted for subcutaneous administration. In such case, the injection needle has, preferably, a length of ≥10 mm to ≤100 mm and a gauge of between 0.2 mm and 1 mm (gauge 33 to 19).

In an embodiment relating to the sixth aspect, the formulation includes the an anti-IL-36R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof, comprising:

-   -   i. a light chain comprising an amino acid sequence set forth as         SEQ ID NO:118 and a heavy chain comprising an amino acid         sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:125; or     -   ii. a light chain comprising an amino acid sequence set forth as         SEQ ID NO:118 and a heavy chain comprising an amino acid         sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:126; or     -   iii. a light chain comprising an amino acid sequence set forth         as SEQ ID NO:118 and a heavy chain comprising an amino acid         sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:127;         -   wherein the formulation is selected from the group             consisting of:             -   I. formulation comprising about 20 mg/ml of the                 anti-IL-36R antibody, about 40 mM histidine, about 120                 mM sucrose, about 50 mM L-Arginine, about 5 mM NaCl and                 about 1.0 g/L Polysorbate 20, with a pH of about 6.0;             -   II. formulation comprising about 60 mg/mL of the                 anti-IL-36R antibody, about 45 mM acetate, about 150 mM                 sucrose, about 25 mM L-Arginine, about 0.4 g/L                 Polysorbate 20, with a pH of about 5.5;             -   III. formulation comprising about 20 mg/mL of the                 anti-IL-36R antibody, about 45 mM acetate, about 180 mM                 sucrose, about 25 mM Glycine, about 0.4 g/L Polysorbate                 80, with a pH of about 5.5;             -   IV. formulation comprising about 150 mg/mL of the                 anti-IL-36R antibody, about 25 mM citrate, about 150 mM                 trehalose, about 25 mM methionine, about 0.2 g/L                 Polysorbate 20, with a pH of about 6.0;             -   V. formulation comprising about 60 mg/mL of the                 anti-IL-36R antibody, about 25 mM histidine, about 160                 mM sucrose, about 20 mM mannitol, about 0.2 g/L                 Polysorbate 20, with a pH of about 6.0;             -   VI. formulation comprising about 20 mg/mL of the                 anti-IL-36R antibody, about 25 mM citrate, about 200 mM                 sucrose, about 0.4 g/L Polysorbate 80, with a pH of                 about 6.5;             -   VII. formulation comprising about 150 mg/mL of the                 anti-IL-36R antibody, about 45 mM acetate, about 150 mM                 sucrose, about 25 mM L-Arginine, about 0.4 g/L                 Polysorbate 20, with a pH of about 5.5;             -   VIII. formulation comprising about 15 mg/mL of the                 anti-IL-36R antibody, about 35 mM histidine, about 180                 mM trehalose, about 25 mM L-Arginine, about 3 mM NaCl,                 about 0.4 g/L Polysorbate 80, with a pH of about 6.0;             -   IX. formulation comprising about 80 mg/mL of the                 anti-IL-36R antibody, about 25 mM acetate, about 100 mM                 mannitol, about 50 mM NaCl, about 0.2 g/L Polysorbate                 20, with a pH of about 5.5; and             -   X. formulation comprising about 100 mg/mL of the                 anti-IL-36R antibody, about 20 mM succinate, about 220                 mM sucrose, about 0.1 g/L Polysorbate 80, with a pH of                 about 6.0.

In an embodiment relating to the sixth aspect, the injection device is a pre-assembled injection device comprising an autoinjector or a needle safety device. In a related embodiment, the autoinjector or needle safety device each includes: (a) about 300 mg of the antibody in a total volume of about 2 mL; (b) about 225 mg of the antibody in a total volume of about 1.5 mL; (c) about 150 mg of the antibody in a total volume of about 1 mL; (d) about 75 mg of the antibody in a total volume of about 0.5 mL; or (e) about 60 mg of the antibody in a total volume of about 0.4 mL.

According to yet another aspect of the present invention, the use of a formulation according to the invention, of a pre-assembled injection device according to the invention or of a kit of parts according to the invention, for intravenous and/or subcutaneous administration is provided.

In an embodiment related to the sixth aspect, the anti-IL-36R antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 80; and a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 87; or a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 80; and a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 88; or a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 80; and a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 89. In one embodiment the anti-IL-36R antibody comprises a light chain comprising an amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:118 and a heavy chain comprising an amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:125; or a light chain comprising an amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:118 and a heavy chain comprising an amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:126; or a light chain comprising an amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:118 and a heavy chain comprising an amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:127. In a particular embodiment, the anti-IL-36R antibody comprises a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 80; and a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 89. In another particular embodiment, the anti-IL-36R antibody consists of a light chain comprising an amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:118 and a heavy chain comprising an amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:127.

According to yet another aspect of the present invention, the use of a formulation according to the invention, of a pre-assembled injection device according to the invention or of a kit of parts according to the invention, for treatment of at least one disease selected from the group consisting of autoimmune disorders and/or malignant diseases is provided. Non-restricting examples for autoimmune disorders covered by said definition include psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease or psoriatic arthritis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD), asthma, scleroderma, palmoplantar pustulosis, generalized pustular psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, diabetic nephropathy, lupus nephritis, scleroderma, ankylosing spondylitis, deficiency in the IL-36 receptor antagonist autoimmune disease (DITRA), deficiency in the IL-1 receptor antagonist autoimmune disease (DIRA) or cryopyrin associated periodic syndromes (CAPS), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), scleroderma, Sjogren's syndrome, multiple sclerosis, psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease (e.g., ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease), pulmonary inflammation, asthma, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purara (ITP) epithelial inflammatory disorders, fibrosis and ankylosing spondylitis. In a further preferred embodiment the kit comprises instructions for subcutaneous or intramuscular administration of the formulation to a subject.

Antibodies

The anti-IL-36R antibodies of the present invention are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 9,023,995 or WO 2013/074569, the entire content of each of which is incorporated herein by reference.

Messenger RNAs for IL-36α, IL-36β, and IL-36γ are highly expressed in several tissues, particularly in internal epithelial tissues, which are exposed to pathogens and in skin. Interestingly, expression of IL-36Rα and IL-36α is significantly up-regulated in IL-1β/TNF-α-stimulated human keratinocytes, and IL-36Rα and IL-36γ mRNA are highly increased in lesional psoriasis skin. Moreover, IL-36γ protein production is enhanced in human keratinocytes after TNF-α and IFN-γ stimulation. Elevated IL-36α mRNA and protein expression was reported also in chronic kidney disease. Taken together, these data indicate that IL-36R ligands, including IL-36α, IL-36β, and IL-36γ, exert proinflammatory effects in vitro and in vivo and that IL-36Rα acts as a natural antagonist, thus mimicking the IL-1/IL-1Ra system. Evidence suggests that IL-36R ligands are involved in a number of disease conditions including inflammatory diseases. The anti-IL-36R antibodies described herein reduce or block IL36 ligand-mediated signaling and are useful in treating such conditions or diseases. Variable regions and CDRs of representative antibodies of the present invention are disclosed below:

Anti-IL-36R Mouse Antibody Sequences

Variable regions and CDRs of representative mouse lead antibodies of the present invention (mouse leads) are shown below:

Light Chain Variable Region (VK) Amino Acid Sequences >33D10B12vK Protein (antibody 33D10) QIVLTQSPAIMSASLGERVTMTCTASSSVSSSYLHWYQKKPGSSPKLWVYSTSNLAS GVPVRFSGSGSGTSYSLTISSMEAEDAATYYCHQHHRSPVTFGSGTKLEMK (SEQ ID NO: 1) >172C8B12 vK protein (antibody 172C8) DIQMTQSPASQSASLGESVTFTCLASQTIGTWLAWYQQRPGKSPQLLIYAATSLADG VPSRFSGSGSGTQFSFNIRSLQAEDFASYYCQQVYTTPLTFGGGTKLEIK (SEQ ID NO: 2) >67E7E8 vK protein (antibody 67E7) DIQMTQSPASQSASLGESVTFTCLASQTIGTWLGWYQQKPGKSPQLLIYRSTTLADG VPSRFSGSGSGTKFSFKISSLQAADFASYYCQQLYSAPYTFGGGTKLEIR (SEQ ID NO: 3) >78C8D1 vK Protein (antibody 78C8) DVLLTQTPLSLPVSLGDQASISCRSSQNIVHSNGNTYLQWYLQKPGQSPKLLIYKVSN RFSGVPDRFSGSGSGTDFTLKISRVEAEDLGVYYCFQGSHVPFTFGAGTKLELK (SEQ ID NO: 4) >81A1D1 vK Protein (antibody 81A1) DIQMTQTTSSLSASLGDRVTISCRASQDIYKYLNWYQQKPDGTLKLLIYYTSGLHSG VPSRFSGSGSGTDFSLTISNLEPEDIATYFCQQDSKFPWTFGGDTKLEIK (SEQ ID NO: 5) >81B4E11 vK Protein (antibody 81B4) QIVLTQSPAIMSASLGERVTMTCTASS SVSSSYFHWYQQKPGSSPKLWIYRTSNLASG VPGRFSGSGSGTSYSLTISSMEAEDAATYYCHQFHRSPLTFGAGTKLELK (SEQ ID NO: 6) >73C5C10 vK protein (antibody 73C5) DIVMTQSQKFLSTSVGVRVSVTCKASQDVGTNVLWYQQKIGQSPKPLIYSASYRHSG VPDRFTGSGSGTDFTLIISNVQSEDLAEYFCQQYSRYPLTFGPGTKLELK (SEQ ID NO: 7) >73F6F8 vK protein (antibody 73F6) DIVMTQSQKFLSTSVGVRVSVTCKASQDVGTNVLWYQQKIGQSPKALIYSASYRHS GVPDRFTGSGSGTDFTLIITNVQSEDLAEYFCQQYSRYPLTFGPGTKLELK (SEQ ID NO: 8) >76E10E8 vK protein (antibody 76E10) DIVMTQSQKFMSATVGGRVNITCKASQNVGRAVAWYQQKPGQSPKLLTHSASNRY TGVPDRFTGSGSGTDFTLTITNMQSEDLADYFCQQYSSYPLTFGAGTKLDLK (SEQ ID NO: 9) >89A12B8 vK protein (antibody 89Al2) DIQMTQSPASQSASLGESVTFSCLASQTIGTWLGWYQQKPGKSPQLLIYRATSLADG VPSRFSGSGSGTNFSFKISSLQAEDLASYYCQQLYSGPYTFGGGTKLEIR (SEQ ID NO: 10) Heavy Chain Variable Region (VH) Amino Acid Sequences >33D10B12vH Protein (antibody 33D10) QVQLQQSGTELLKPGASVKLSCKASGNTVTSYWMHWVKQRPGQGLEWIGEILPSTG RTNYNENFKGKAMLTVDKSSSTAYMQLSSLASEDSAVYYCTIVYFGNPWFAYWGQ GTLVTVSA (SEQ ID NO: 11) >172C8B12 vH protein (antibody 172C8) EVQLQQSGPELVKPGASVKLSCKASGYTFTDNYMNWVRQSHGKSLEWIGRVNPSN GDTKYNQNFKGKATLTVDKSLSTAYMQLNGLTSEDSAVYYCGRTKNFYSSYSYDD AMDYWGQGTSVTVSS (SEQ ID NO: 12) >67E7E8 vH protein (antibody 67E7) EVQLQQSGAEFVRPGASVKFSCTASGFNIKDDYIHWVRQRPEQGLEWVGRIDPANG NTKYAPKFQDKATITADTSSNTAYLQLSSLTSEDTAVYYCAKSFPNNYYSYDDAFAY WGQGTLVTVSA (SEQ ID NO: 13) >78C8D1 vH Protein (antibody 78C8) QVQLKESGPVLVAPSQSLSITCTVSGFSLTKFGVHWIRQTPGKGLEWLGVIWAGGPT NYNSALMSRLTISKDISQSQVFLRIDSLQTDDTAMYYCAKQIYYSTLVDYWGQGTSV TVSS (SEQ ID NO: 14) >81A1D1 vH Protein (antibody 81A1) QVQLKESGPGLVAPSQSLFITCTVSGFSLSSYEINWVRQVPGKGLEWLGVIWTGITTN YNSALISRLSISKDNSKSLVFLKMNSLQTDDTAIYYCARGTGTGFYYAMDYWGQGT SVTVSS (SEQ ID NO: 15) >81B4E11 vH Protein (antibody 81B4) QVQLQQPGADFVRPGASMRLSCKASGYSFTSSWIHWVKQRPGQGLEWIGEINPGNV RTNYNENFRNKATLTVDKSSTTAYMQLRSLTSADSAVYYCTVVFYGEPYFPYWGQ GTLVTVSA (SEQ ID NO: 16) >73C5C10 vH Protein (antibody 73C5) QVQLKESGPGLVAPSQSLSITCTVSGFSLTNYAVHWVRQFPGKGLEWLGVIWSDGST DFNAPFKSRLSINKDNSKSQVFFKMNSLQIDDTAIYYCARKGGYSGSWFAYWGQGT LVTVSA (SEQ ID NO: 17) >73F6F8 vH protein (antibody 73F6) QVQLKESGPGLVAPSQSLSITCTVSGFSLTNYAVHWVRQFPGKGLEWLGVIWSDGST DYNAPFKSRLSINKDNSKSQVFFKMNSLQTDDTAIYYCARKGGYSGSWFAYWGQGT LVTVSA (SEQ ID NO: 18) >76E10E8 vH protein (antibody 76E10) QVQLKESGPVLVAPSQSLSITCTVSGFSLTNYGVHWVRQPPGKGLEWLGVIWPVGST NYNSALMSRLSIHKDNSKSQVFLRMNSLQTDDTAIYYCAKMDWDDFFDYWGQGTT LTVSS(SEQ ID NO: 19) >89A12B8 vH Protein (antibody 89Al2) EVQLQQSGAELVRPGASVRLSCTASGFNIKDDYIHWVRQRPKQGLEWLGRIDPANG NTKYDPRFQDKATITADTSSNTAYLHLSSLTSEDTAVYYCAKSFPDNYYSYDDAFAY WGQGTLVTVSA (SEQ ID NO: 20) Light chain CDR-1 (L-CDR1) Amino Acid Sequences >33D10G1 L-CDR1 TASSSVSSSYLH (SEQ ID NO: 21) >172C8B12 L-CDR1 LASQTIGTWLA (SEQ ID NO: 22) >67E7E8 L-CDR1 LASQTIGTWLG (SEQ ID NO: 23) >78C8D1 L-CDR1 RSSQNIVHSNGNTYLQ (SEQ ID NO: 24) >81A1D1 L-CDR1 RASQDIYKYLN (SEQ ID NO: 25) >81B4E11 L-CDR1 TASSSVSSSYFH (SEQ ID NO: 26) >73C5C10 L-CDR1 KASQDVGTNVL (SEQ ID NO: 27) >73F6F8 L-CDR1 KASQDVGTNVL (SEQ ID NO: 27) >76E10E8 L-CDR1 KASQNVGRAVA (SEQ ID NO: 28) >89A12B8 L-CDR1 LASQTIGTWLG (SEQ ID NO: 29) Light chain CDR-2 (L-CDR2) Amino Acid Sequences >33D10B12 L-CDR2 STSNLAS (SEQ ID NO: 30) >172C8B12 L-CDR2 AATSLAD ( SEQ ID NO: 31) >67E7E8 L-CDR2 RSTTLAD (SEQ ID NO: 32) >78C8D1 L-CDR2 KVSNRFS (SEQ ID NO: 33) >81A1D1 L-CDR2 YTSGLHS (SEQ ID NO: 34) >81B4E11 L-CDR2 RTSNLAS (SEQ ID NO: 35) >73C5C10 L-CDR2 SASYRHS (SEQ ID NO: 36) >73F6F8 L-CDR2 SASYRHS (SEQ ID NO: 36) >76E10E8 L-CDR2 SASNRYT (SEQ ID NO: 37) >89A12B8 L-CDR2 RATSLAD (SEQ ID NO: 38) Light chain CDR-3 (L-CDR3) Amino Acid Sequences >33D10B12 L-CDR3 HQHHRSPVT (SEQ ID NO: 39) >172C8B12 L-CDR3 QQVYTTPLT (SEQ ID NO: 40) >67E7E8 L-CDR3 QQLYSAPYT (SEQ ID NO: 41) >78C8D1 L-CDR3 FQGSHVPFT (SEQ ID NO: 42) >81A1D1 L-CDR3 QQDSKFPWT (SEQ ID NO: 43) >81B4E11 L-CDR3 HQFHRSPLT (SEQ ID NO: 44) >73C5C10 L-CDR3 QQYSRYPLT (SEQ ID NO: 45) >73F6F8 L-CDR3 QQYSRYPLT (SEQ ID NO: 45) >76E10E8 L-CDR3 QQYSSYPLT (SEQ ID NO: 46) >89A12B8 L-CDR3 QQLYSGPYT (SEQ ID NO: 47) Heavy chain CDR-1 (H-CDR1) Amino Acid Sequences >33D10B12 H-CDR1 GNTVTSYWMH (SEQ ID NO: 48) >172C8B12 H-CDR1 GYTFTDNYMN (SEQ ID NO: 49) >67E7E8 H-CDR1 GFNIKDDYIH (SEQ ID NO: 50) >78C8D1 H-CDR1 GFSLTKFGVH (SEQ ID NO: 51) >81A1D1 H-CDR1 GFSLSSYEIN (SEQ ID NO: 52) >81B4E11 H-CDR1 GYSFTSSWIH (SEQ ID NO: 53) >73C5C10 H-CDR1 GFSLTNYAVH (SEQ ID NO: 54) >73F6F8 H-CDR1 GFSLTNYAVH (SEQ ID NO: 54) >76E10E8 H-CDR1 GFSLTNYGVH (SEQ ID NO: 55) >89A12B8 H-CDR1 GFNIKDDYIH (SEQ ID NO: 56) Heavy chain CDR-2 (H-CDR2) Amino Acid Sequences >33D10B12 H-CDR2 EILPSTGRTNYNENFKG (SEQ ID NO: 57) >172C8B12 H-CDR2 RVNPSNGDTKYNQNFKG (SEQ ID NO: 58) >67E7E8 H-CDR2 RIDPANGNTKYAPKFQD (SEQ ID NO: 59) >78C8D1 H-CDR2 VIWAGGPTNYNSALMS (SEQ ID NO: 60) >81A1D1 H-CDR2 VIWTGITTNYNSALIS (SEQ ID NO: 61) >81B4E11 H-CDR2 EINPGNVRTNYNENF (SEQ ID NO: 62) >73C5C10 H-CDR2 VIWSDGSTDFNAPFKS (SEQ ID NO: 63) >73F6F8 H-CDR2 VIWSDGSTDYNAPFKS (SEQ ID NO: 64) >76E10E8 H-CDR2 VIWPVGSTNYNSALMS (SEQ ID NO: 65) >89A12B8 H-CDR2 RIDPANGNTKYDPRFQD (SEQ ID NO: 66) Heavy chain CDR-3 (H-CDR3) Amino Acid Sequences >33D10B12 H-CDR3 VYFGNPWFAY (SEQ ID NO: 67) >172C8B12 H-CDR3 TKNFYSSYSYDDAMDY (SEQ ID NO: 68) >67E7E8 H-CDR3 SFPNNYYSYDDAFAY (SEQ ID NO: 69) >78C8D1 H-CDR3 QIYYSTLVDY (SEQ ID NO: 70) >81A1D1 H-CDR3 GTGTGFYYAMDY (SEQ ID NO: 71) >81B4E11 H-CDR3 VFYGEPYFPY (SEQ ID NO: 72) >73C5C10 H-CDR3 KGGYSGSWFAY (SEQ ID NO: 73) >73F6F8 H-CDR3 KGGYSGSWFAY (SEQ ID NO: 73) >76E10E8 H-CDR3 MDWDDFFDY (SEQ ID NO: 74) >89A12B8 H-CDR3 SFPDNYYSYDDAFAY (SEQ ID NO: 75)

Anti-IL-36R Mouse CDR Sequences

A summary of the CDR sequences of the lead mouse antibodies is shown below:

Antibody H-CDR Sequences L-CDR Sequences 33D10 GNTVTSYWMH (H-CDR1) TASSSVSSSYLH (L-CDR1) SEQ ID No: 48 SEQ ID No: 21 EILPSTGRTNYNENFKG STSNLAS (L-CDR2) SEQ (H-CDR2) SEQ ID No: 57 ID No: 30 VYFGNPWFAY (H-CDR3) HQHHRSPVT (L-CDR3) SEQ ID No: 67 SEQ ID No: 39 172C8 GYTFTDNYMN (H-CDR1) LASQTIGTWLA (L-CDR1) SEQ ID No: 49 SEQ ID No: 22 RVNPSNGDTKYNQNFKG AATSLAD (L-CDR2) SEQ (H-CDR2) SEQ ID No: 58 ID No: 31 TKNFYSSYSYDDAMDY QQVYTTPLT (L-CDR3) (H-CDR3) SEQ ID No: 68 SEQ ID No: 40 67E7 GFNIKDDYIH (H-CDR1) LASQTIGTWLG (L-CDR1) SEQ ID No: 50 SEQ ID No: 23 RIDPANGNTKYAPKFQD RSTTLAD (L-CDR2) SEQ (H-CDR2) SEQ ID No: 59 ID No: 32 SFPNNYYSYDDAFAY (H- QQLYSAPYT (L-CDR3) CDR3) SEQ ID No: 69 SEQ ID No: 41 78C8 GFSLTKFGVH (H-CDR1) RSSQNIVHSNGNTYLQ (L- SEQ ID No: 51 CDR1) SEQ ID No: 24 VIWAGGPTNYNSALMS KVSNRFS (L-CDR2) SEQ (H-CDR2) SEQ ID No: 60 ID No: 33 QIYYSTLVDY (H-CDR3) FQGSHVPFT (L-CDR3) SEQ ID No: 70 SEQ ID No: 42 81A1 GFSLSSYEIN (H-CDR1) RASQDIYKYLN (L-CDR1) SEQ ID No: 52 SEQ ID No: 25 VIWTGITTNYNSALIS (H- YTSGLHS (L-CDR2) SEQ CDR2) SEQ ID No: 61 ID No: 34 GTGTGFYYAMDY (H- QQDSKFPWT (L-CDR3) CDR3) SEQ ID No: 71 SEQ ID No: 43 81B4 GYSFTSSWIH (H-CDR1) TASSSVSSSYFH (L-CDR1) SEQ ID No: 53 SEQ ID No: 26 EINPGNVRTNYNENF (H- RTSNLAS (L-CDR2) SEQ CDR2) SEQ ID No: 62 ID No: 35 VFYGEPYFPY (H-CDR3) HQFHRSPLT (L-CDR3) SEQ ID No: 72 SEQ ID No: 44 73C5 GFSLTNYAVH (H-CDR1) KASQDVGTNVL (L-CDR1) SEQ ID No: 54 SEQ ID No: 27 VIWSDGSTDFNAPFKS (H- SASYRHS (L-CDR2) SEQ CDR2) SEQ ID No: 63 ID No: 36 KGGYSGSWFAY (H-CDR3) QQYSRYPLT (L-CDR3) SEQ ID No: 73 SEQ ID No: 45 73F6 GFSLTNYAVH (H-CDR1) KASQDVGTNVL (L-CDR1) SEQ ID No: 54 SEQ ID No: 27 VIWSDGSTDYNAPFKS (H- SASYRHS (L-CDR2) SEQ CDR2) SEQ ID No: 64 ID No: 36 KGGYSGSWFAY (H-CDR3) QQYSRYPLT (L-CDR3) SEQ ID No: 73 SEQ ID No: 45 76E10 GFSLTNYGVH (H-CDR1) KASQNVGRAVA (L- SEQ ID No: 55 CDR1) SEQ ID No: 28 VIWPVGSTNYNSALMS SASNRYT (L-CDR2) SEQ (H-CDR2) SEQ ID No: 65 ID No: 37 MDWDDFFDY (H-CDR3) QQYSSYPLT (L-CDR3) SEQ ID No: 74 SEQ ID No: 46 89A12 GFNIKDDYIH (H-CDR1) LASQTIGTWLG (L-CDR1) SEQ ID No: 56 SEQ ID No: 29 RIDPANGNTKYDPRFQD RATSLAD (L-CDR2) SEQ (H-CDR2) SEQ ID No: 66 ID No: 38 SFPDNYYSYDDAFAY (H- QQLYSGPYT (L-CDR3) CDR3) SEQ ID No: 75 SEQ ID No: 47

Anti-IL-36R Humanized Antibody Sequences

Human framework sequences were selected for the mouse leads based on the framework homology, CDR structure, conserved canonical residues, conserved interface packing residues and other parameters to produce humanized variable regions.

Representative humanized variable regions derived from antibodies 81B4 and 73C5 are shown below.

Light Chain Variable Region (VK) Amino Acid Sequences >81B4vK32_3 vK protein EIVLTQSPGTLSLSPGERATMSCTASSSVSSSYFHWYQQKPGQAPRLLIYRTSTLASGI PDRFSGSGSGTDFTLTISRLEPEDAATYYCHQFHRSPLTFGQGTKLEIK (SEQ ID NO: 76) >81B4vK32_105 vK protein EIVLTQSPGTLSLSPGERATMSCTASSSVSSSYFHWYQQKPGQAPRLLIYRTSILASGV PDRFSGSGSGTDFTLTISRLEPEDFATYYCHQFHRSPLTFGQGTKLEIK (SEQ ID NO: 77) >81B4vK32_116 vK protein EIVLTQSPGTLSLSPGERATMSCTASSSVSSSYFHWYQQKPGQAPRLWIYRTSRLASG VPDRFSGSGSGTDFTLTISRLEPEDAATYYCHQFHRSPLTFGQGTKLEIK (SEQ ID NO: 78) >81B4vK32_127 vK protein EIVLTQSPGTLSLSPGERATMTCTASSSVSSSYFHWYQQKPGQAPRLLIYRTSRLASG VPDRFSGSGSGTDFTLTISRLEPEDFAVYYCHQFHRSPLTFGQGTKLEIK (SEQ ID NO: 79) >81B4vK32_138 vK protein QIVLTQSPGTLSLSPGERATMTCTASSSVSSSYFHWYQQKPGQAPRLWIYRTSRLASG VPDRFSGSGSGTDFTLTISRLEPEDAATYYCHQFHRSPLTFGAGTKLEIK (SEQ ID NO: 80) >81B4vK32_140 vK protein QIVLTQSPGTLSLSPGERVTMSCTASSSVSSSYFHWYQQKPGQAPRLLIYRTSQLASGI PDRFSGSGSGTDFTLTISRLEPEDAATYYCHQFHRSPLTFGQGTKLEIK (SEQ ID NO: 81) >81B4vK32_141 vK protein QIVLTQSPGTLSLSPGERATMTCTASSSVSSSYFHWYQQKPGQAPRLLIYRTSKLASG VPDRFSGSGSGTDFTLTISRLEPEDFATYYCHQFHRSPLTFGQGTKLEIK (SEQ ID NO: 82) >81B4vK32_147 vK protein EIVLTQSPGTLSLSPGERATMSCTASSSVSSSYFHWYQQKPGQAPRLLIYRTSHLASGI PGRFSGSGSGTDFTLTISRLEPEDAAVYYCHQFHRSPLTFGQGTKLEIK (SEQ ID NO: 83) >73C5vK39_2 vK protein EIVMTQSPATLSVSPGVRATLSCKASQDVGTNVLWYQQKPGQAPRPLIYSASYRHSG IPDRFSGSGSGTEFTLTISSLQSEDFAEYFCQQYSRYPLTFGQGTKLEIK (SEQ ID NO: 84) >73C5vK39_7 vK protein EIVMTQSPATLSVSPGVRATLSCKASQDVGTNVLWYQQKPGQAPRPLIYSASYRHSG IPDRFSGSGSGTEFTLTISSLQSEDFAVYYCQQYSRYPLTFGQGTKLEIK (SEQ ID NO: 85) >73C5vK39_15 vK protein EIVMTQSPATLSVSPGVRATLSCKASQDVGTNVLWYQQKPGQAPRPLIYSASYRHSG IPARFSGSGSGTEFTLTISSLQSEDFAEYYCQQYSRYPLTFGQGTKLEIK (SEQ ID NO: 86) Heavy Chain Variable Region (VH) Amino Acid Sequences >81B4vH33_49 vH Protein QVQLVQSGAEVKKPGASVKVSCKASGYSFTSSWIHWVRQAPGQGLEWIGEINPGNV RTNYNENFRNKATMTVDTSISTAYMELSRLRSDDTAVYYCAVVFYGEPYFPYWGQ GTLVTVSS (SEQ ID NO: 87) >81B4vH33_85T vH Protein QVQLVQSGAEVKKPGASVKVSCKASGYSFTSSWIHWVRQRPGQGLEWIGEINPGNV RTNYNENFRNRVTMTVDTSISTAYMELSRLRSDDTAVYYCTVVFYGEPYFPYWGQG TLVTVSS (SEQ ID NO: 88) >81B4vH33_90 vH Protein QVQLVQSGAEVKKPGASVKVSCKASGYSFTSSWIHWVKQAPGQGLEWMGEINPGN VRTNYNENFRNKVTMTVDTSISTAYMELSRLRSDDTAVYYCTVVFYGEPYFPYWGQ GTLVTVSS (SEQ ID NO: 89) >81B4vH33_93 vH Protein QVQLVQSGAEVKKPGASVKVSCKASGYSFTSSWIHWVRQRPGQGLEWMGEINPGN VRTNYNENFRNRATLTRDTSISTAYMELSRLRSDDTAVYYCAVVFYGEPYFPYWGQ GTLVTVSS (SEQ ID NO: 90) >81B4vH50_22 vH Protein QVQLVQSGAEVKKPGASVKVSCKASGYSFTSSWIHWVRQRPGQGLEWMGEILPGV VRTNYNENFRNKVTMTVDTSISTAYMELSRLRSDDTAVYYCTVVFYGEPYFPYWGQ GTLVTVSS (SEQ ID NO: 91) >81B4vH50_30 vH Protein QVQLVQSGAEVKKPGASVKVSCKASGYSFTSSWIHWVRQRPGQGLEWIGEINPGAV RTNYNENFRNRVTMTVDTSISTAYMELSRLRSDDTAVYYCTVVFYGEPYFPYWGQG TLVTVSS (SEQ ID NO: 92) >81B4vH51_13 vH Protein QVQLVQSGAEVKKPGASVKVSCKASGYSFTSSWIHWVRQAPGQGLEWIGEINPGLV RTNYNENFRNKVTMTVDTSISTAYMELSRLRSDDTAVYYCAVVFYGEPYFPYWGQ GTLVTVSS (SEQ ID NO: 93) >81B4vH51_15 vH Protein QVQLVQSGAEVKKPGASVKVSCKASGYSFTSSWIHWVRQAPGQGLEWIGEINPGAV RTNYNENFRNKVTMTVDTSISTAYMELSRLRSDDTAVYYCAVVFYGEPYFPYWGQ GTLVTVSS (SEQ ID NO: 94) >81B4vH52_83 vH Protein QVQLVQSGAEVKKPGASVKVSCKASGYSFTSSWIHWVRQAPGQGLEWIGEINPGSV RTNYNENFRNKATMTVDTSISTAYMELSRLRSDDTAVYYCAVVFYGEPYFPYWGQ GTLVTVSS (SEQ ID NO: 95) >73C5vH46_4 vH Protein QVQLQESGPGLVKPSETLSITCTVSGFSLTDYAVHWIRQPPGKGLEWIGVIWSDGSTD YNAPFKSRVTINKDTSKSQVSFKMSSVQAADTAVYYCARKGGYSGSWFAYWGQGT LVTVSS (SEQ ID NO: 96) >73C5vH46_19 vH Protein QVQLQESGPGLVKPSETLSITCTVSGFSLTDYAVHWIRQPPGKGLEWIGVIWSDGSTD YNAPFKSRVTISKDTSKNQVSLKMNSLTTDDTAVYYCARKGGYSGSWFAYWGQGT LVTVSS (SEQ ID NO: 97) >73C5vH46_40 vH Protein QVQLQESGPGLVKPSETLSITCTVSGFSLTDYAVHWIRQPPGKGLEWIGVIWSDGSTD YNAPFKSRVTISKDNSKSQVSLKMNSVTVADTAVYYCARKGGYSGSWFAYWGQGT LVTVSS (SEQ ID NO: 98) >73C5vH47_65 vH Protein QVQLQESGPGLVKPSETLSITCTVSGFSLTDYAVHWVRQPPGKGLEWIGVIWSDGST DYNAPFKSRVTISKDTSKNQVSFKLSSVTVDDTAVYYCARKGGYSGSWFAYWGQG TLVTVSS (SEQ ID NO: 99) >73C5vH47_77 vH Protein QVQLQESGPGLVAPSETLSLTCTVSGFSLTDYAVHWIRQFPGKGLEWIGVIWSDGST DFNAPFKSRVTISKDTSKNQVSFKLSSVTTDDTAVYYCARKGGYSGSWFAYWGQGT LVTVSS (SEQ ID NO: 100) >73C5vH58_91 vH Protein QVQLQESGPGLVKPSETLSITCTVSGFSLTDYAVHWIRQPPGKGLEWIGVIWSDGSTD YNAPFKSRVTISKDNSKSQVSFKMSSVTADDTAVYYCARKGGYSGSWFAYWGQGT LVTVSS (SEQ ID NO: 101) The CDR sequences from the humanized variable regions derived from antibodies 81B4 and 73C5 shown above are depicted below.

L-CDR1 Amino Acid Sequences >81B4vK32_3 L-CDR1 TASSSVSSSYFH (SEQ ID NO: 26) >81B4vK32_105 L-CDR1 TASSSVSSSYFH (SEQ ID NO: 26) >81B4vK32_116 L-CDR1 TASSSVSSSYFH (SEQ ID NO: 26) >81B4vK32_127 L-CDR1 TASSSVSSSYFH (SEQ ID NO: 26) >81B4vK32_138 L-CDR1 TASSSVSSSYFH (SEQ ID NO: 26) >81B4vK32_140 L-CDR1 TASSSVSSSYFH (SEQ ID NO: 26) >81B4vK32_141 L-CDR1 TASSSVSSSYFH (SEQ ID NO: 26) >81B4vK32_147 L-CDR1 TASSSVSSSYFH (SEQ ID NO: 26) >73C5vK39_2 L-CDR1 KASQDVGTNVL (SEQ ID NO: 27) >73C5vK39_7 L-CDR1 KASQDVGTNVL (SEQ ID NO: 27) >73C5vK39_15 L-CDR1 KASQDVGTNVL (SEQ ID NO: 27) L-CDR2 Amino Acid Sequences >81B4vK32_3 L-CDR2 (SEQ ID 102) RTSTLAS >81B4vK32_105 L-CDR2 (SEQ ID 103) RTSILAS >81B4vK32_116 L-CDR2 (SEQ ID 104) RTSRLAS >81B4vK32_127 L-CDR2 (SEQ ID 104) RTSRLAS >81B4vK32_138 L-CDR2 (SEQ ID 104) RTSRLAS >81B4vK32_140 L-CDR2 (SEQ ID 105) RTSQLAS >81B4vK32_141 L-CDR2 (SEQ ID 106) RTSKLAS >81B4vK32_147 L-CDR2 (SEQ ID 140) RTSHLAS >73C5vK39_2 L-CDR2 SASYRHS (SEQ ID NO: 36) >73C5vK39_7 L-CDR2 SASYRHS (SEQ ID NO: 36) >73C5vK39_15 L-CDR2 SASYRHS (SEQ ID NO: 36) L-CDR3 Amino Acid Sequences >81B4vK32_3 L-CDR3 HQFHRSPLT (SEQ ID NO: 44) >81B4vK32_105 L-CDR3 HQFHRSPLT (SEQ ID NO: 44) >81B4vK32_116 L-CDR3 HQFHRSPLT (SEQ ID NO: 44) >81B4vK32_127 L-CDR3 HQFHRSPLT (SEQ ID NO: 44) >81B4vK32_138 L-CDR3 HQFHRSPLT (SEQ ID NO: 44) >81B4vK32_140 L-CDR3 HQFHRSPLT (SEQ ID NO: 44) >81B4vK32_141 L-CDR3 HQFHRSPLT (SEQ ID NO: 44) >81B4vK32_147 L-CDR3 HQFHRSPLT (SEQ ID NO: 44) >73C5vK39_2 L-CDR3 QQYSRYPLT (SEQ ID NO: 45) >73C5vK39_7 L-CDR3 QQYSRYPLT (SEQ ID NO: 45) >73C5vK39_15 L-CDR3 QQYSRYPLT (SEQ ID NO: 45) H-CDR1 Amino Acid Sequences >81B4vH33_49 H-CDR1 GYSFTSSWIH (SEQ ID NO: 53) >81B4vH33_85T H-CDR1 GYSFTSSWIH (SEQ ID NO: 53) >81B4vH33_90 H-CDR1 GYSFTSSWIH (SEQ ID NO: 53) >81B4vH33_93 H-CDR1 GYSFTSSWIH (SEQ ID NO: 53) >81B4vH50_22 H-CDR1 GYSFTSSWIH (SEQ ID NO: 53) >81B4vH50_30 H-CDR1 GYSFTSSWIH (SEQ ID NO: 53) >81B4vH51_13 H-CDR1 GYSFTSSWIH (SEQ ID NO: 53) >81B4vH51_15 H-CDR1 GYSFTSSWIH (SEQ ID NO: 53) >81B4vH52_83 H-CDR1 GYSFTSSWIH (SEQ ID NO: 53) >73C5vH46_4 H-CDR1 GFSLTDYAVH (SEQ ID NO: 107) >73C5vH46_19 H-CDR1 GFSLTDYAVH (SEQ ID NO: 107) >73C5vH46_40 H-CDR1 GFSLTDYAVH (SEQ ID NO: 107) >73C5vH47_65 H-CDR1 GFSLTDYAVH (SEQ ID NO: 107) >73C5vH47_77 H-CDR1 GFSLTDYAVH (SEQ ID NO: 107) >73C5vH58_91 H-CDR1 GFSLTDYAVH (SEQ ID NO: 107) H-CDR2 Amino Acid Sequences >81B4vH33_49 H-CDR2 EINPGNVRTNYNENF (SEQ ID NO: 62) >81B4vH33_85T H-CDR2 EINPGNVRTNYNENF (SEQ ID NO: 62) >81B4vH33_90 H-CDR2 EINPGNVRTNYNENF (SEQ ID NO: 62) >81B4vH33_93 H-CDR2 EINPGNVRTNYNENF (SEQ ID NO: 62) >81B4vH50_22 H-CDR2 EILPGVVRTNYNENF (SEQ ID NO: 108) >81B4vH50_30 H-CDR2 EINPGAVRTNYNENF (SEQ ID NO: 109) >81B4vH51_13 H-CDR2 EINPGLVRTNYNENF (SEQ ID NO: 110) >81B4vH51_15 H-CDR2 EINPGAVRTNYNENF (SEQ ID NO: 109) >81B4vH52_83 H-CDR2 EINPGSVRTNYNENF (SEQ ID NO: 111) >73C5vH46_4 H-CDR2 VIWSDGSTDYNAPFKS (SEQ ID NO: 64) >73C5vH46_19 H-CDR2 VIWSDGSTDYNAPFKS (SEQ ID NO: 64) >73C5vH46_40 H-CDR2 VIWSDGSTDYNAPFKS (SEQ ID NO: 64) >73C5vH47_65 H-CDR2 VIWSDGSTDYNAPFKS (SEQ ID NO: 64) >73C5vH47_77 H-CDR2 VIWSDGSTDFNAPFKS (SEQ ID NO: 63) >73C5vH58_91 H-CDR2 VIWSDGSTDYNAPFKS (SEQ ID NO: 64) H-CDR3 Amino Acid Sequences >81B4vH33_49 H-CDR3 VFYGEPYFPY (SEQ ID NO: 72) >81B4vH33_85T H-CDR3 VFYGEPYFPY (SEQ ID NO: 72) >81B4vH33_90 H-CDR3 VFYGEPYFPY (SEQ ID NO: 72) >81B4vH33_93 H-CDR3 VFYGEPYFPY (SEQ ID NO: 72) >81B4vH50_22 H-CDR3 VFYGEPYFPY (SEQ ID NO: 72) >81B4vH50_30 H-CDR3 VFYGEPYFPY (SEQ ID NO: 72) >81B4vH51_13 H-CDR3 VFYGEPYFPY (SEQ ID NO: 72) >81B4vH51_15 H-CDR3 VFYGEPYFPY (SEQ ID NO: 72) >81B4vH52_83 H-CDR3 VFYGEPYFPY (SEQ ID NO: 72) >73C5vH46_4 H-CDR3 KGGYSGSWFAY (SEQ ID NO: 73) >73C5vH46_19 H-CDR3 KGGYSGSWFAY (SEQ ID NO: 73) >73C5vH46_40 H-CDR3 KGGYSGSWFAY (SEQ ID NO: 73) >73C5vH47_65 H-CDR3 KGGYSGSWFAY (SEQ ID NO: 73) >73C5vH47_77 H-CDR3 KGGYSGSWFAY (SEQ ID NO: 73) >73C5vH58_91 H-CDR3 KGGYSGSWFAY (SEQ ID NO: 73)

In one aspect, a variable region of the present invention is linked to a constant region. For example, a variable region of the present invention is linked to a constant region shown below to form a heavy chain or a light chain of an antibody.

Heavy Chain Constant region linked downstream of a humanized variable heavy region: ASTKGPSVFPLAPSSKSTSGGTAALGCLVKDYFPEPVTVSWNSGALTSG VHTFPAVLQSSGLYSLSSVVTVPSSSLGTQTYICNVNHKPSNTKVDKRV EPKSCDKTHTCPPCPAPEAAGGPSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISRTPEVTCVVV DVSHEDPEVKFNWYVDGVEVHNAKTKPREEQYNSTYRVVSVLTVLHQDW LNGKEYKCKVSNKALPAPIEKTISKAKGQPREPQVYTLPPSREEMTKNQ VSLTCLVKGFYPSDIAVEWESNGQPENNYKTTPPVLDSDGSFFLYSKLT VDKSRWQQGNVFSCSVMHEALHNHYTQKSLSLSPGK (SEQ ID NO: 112) Light Chain Constant region linked downstream of a humanized variable light region: RTVAAPSVFIFPPSDEQLKSGTASVVCLLNNFYPREAKVQWKVDNALQS GNSQESVTEQDSKDSTYSLSSTLTLSKADYEKHKVYACEVTHQGLSSPV TKSFNRGEC (SEQ ID NO: 113)

Representative light chain and heavy chain sequences of the present invention are shown below (humanized variable regions derived from antibodies 81B4 and 73C5 linked to constant regions).

Light Chain Amino Acid Sequences >81B4vK32_3 Light Chain EIVLTQSPGTLSLSPGERATMSCTASSSVSSSYFHWYQQKPGQAPRLLIYRTSTLASGI PDRFSGSGSGTDFTLTISRLEPEDAATYYCHQFHRSPLTFGQGTKLEIKRTVAAPSVFI FPPSDEQLKSGTASVVCLLNNFYPREAKVQWKVDNALQSGNSQESVTEQDSKDSTY SLSSTLTLSKADYEKHKVYACEVTHQGLSSPVTKSFNRGEC (SEQ ID NO: 114) >81B4vK32_105 Light Chain EIVLTQSPGTLSLSPGERATMSCTASSSVSSSYFHWYQQKPGQAPRLLIYRTSILASGV PDRFSGSGSGTDFTLTISRLEPEDFATYYCHQFHRSPLTFGQGTKLEIKRTVAAPSVFIF PPSDEQLKSGTASVVCLLNNFYPREAKVQWKVDNALQSGNSQESVTEQDSKDSTYS LSSTLTLSKADYEKHKVYACEVTHQGLSSPVTKSFNRGEC (SEQ ID NO: 115) >81B4vK32_116 Light Chain EIVLTQSPGTLSLSPGERATMSCTASSSVSSSYFHWYQQKPGQAPRLWIYRTSRLASG VPDRFSGSGSGTDFTLTISRLEPEDAATYYCHQFHRSPLTFGQGTKLEIKRTVAAPSVF IFPPSDEQLKSGTASVVCLLNNFYPREAKVQWKVDNALQSGNSQESVTEQDSKDSTY SLSSTLTLSKADYEKHKVYACEVTHQGLSSPVTKSFNRGEC (SEQ ID NO: 116) >81B4vK32_127 Light Chain EIVLTQSPGTLSLSPGERATMTCTASSSVSSSYFHWYQQKPGQAPRLLIYRTSRLASG VPDRFSGSGSGTDFTLTISRLEPEDFAVYYCHQFHRSPLTFGQGTKLEIKRTVAAPSVF IFPPSDEQLKSGTASVVCLLNNFYPREAKVQWKVDNALQSGNSQESVTEQDSKDSTY SLSSTLTLSKADYEKHKVYACEVTHQGLSSPVTKSFNRGEC (SEQ ID NO: 117) >81B4vK32_138 Light Chain QIVLTQSPGTLSLSPGERATMTCTASSSVSSSYFHWYQQKPGQAPRLWIYRTSRLASG VPDRFSGSGSGTDFTLTISRLEPEDAATYYCHQFHRSPLTFGAGTKLEIKRTVAAPSVF IFPPSDEQLKSGTASVVCLLNNFYPREAKVQWKVDNALQSGNSQESVTEQDSKDSTY SLSSTLTLSKADYEKHKVYACEVTHQGLSSPVTKSFNRGEC (SEQ ID NO: 118) >81B4vK32_140 Light Chain QIVLTQSPGTLSLSPGERVTMSCTASSSVSSSYFHWYQQKPGQAPRLLIYRTSQLASGI PDRFSGSGSGTDFTLTISRLEPEDAATYYCHQFHRSPLTFGQGTKLEIKRTVAAPSVFI FPPSDEQLKSGTASVVCLLNNFYPREAKVQWKVDNALQSGNSQESVTEQDSKDSTY SLSSTLTLSKADYEKHKVYACEVTHQGLSSPVTKSFNRGEC (SEQ ID NO: 119) >81B4vK32_141 Light Chain QIVLTQSPGTLSLSPGERATMTCTASSSVSSSYFHWYQQKPGQAPRLLIYRTSKLASG VPDRFSGSGSGTDFTLTISRLEPEDFATYYCHQFHRSPLTFGQGTKLEIKRTVAAPSVF IFPPSDEQLKSGTASVVCLLNNFYPREAKVQWKVDNALQSGNSQESVTEQDSKDSTY SLSSTLTLSKADYEKHKVYACEVTHQGLSSPVTKSFNRGEC (SEQ ID NO: 120) >81B4vK32_147 Light Chain EIVLTQSPGTLSLSPGERATMSCTASSSVSSSYFHWYQQKPGQAPRLLIYRTSHLASGI PGRFSGSGSGTDFTLTISRLEPEDAAVYYCHQFHRSPLTFGQGTKLEIKRTVAAPSVFI FPPSDEQLKSGTASVVCLLNNFYPREAKVQWKVDNALQSGNSQESVTEQDSKDSTY SLSSTLTLSKADYEKHKVYACEVTHQGLSSPVTKSFNRGEC (SEQ ID NO: 121) >73C5vK39_2 Light Chain EIVMTQSPATLSVSPGVRATLSCKASQDVGTNVLWYQQKPGQAPRPLIYSASYRHSG IPDRFSGSGSGTEFTLTISSLQSEDFAEYFCQQYSRYPLTFGQGTKLEIKRTVAAPSVFI FPPSDEQLKSGTASVVCLLNNFYPREAKVQWKVDNALQSGNSQESVTEQDSKDSTY SLSSTLTLSKADYEKHKVYACEVTHQGLSSPVTKSFNRGEC (SEQ ID NO: 122) >73C5vK39_7 Light Chain EIVMTQSPATLSVSPGVRATLSCKASQDVGTNVLWYQQKPGQAPRPLIYSASYRHSG IPDRFSGSGSGTEFTLTISSLQSEDFAVYYCQQYSRYPLTFGQGTKLEIKRTVAAPSVFI FPPSDEQLKSGTASVVCLLNNFYPREAKVQWKVDNALQSGNSQESVTEQDSKDSTY SLSSTLTLSKADYEKHKVYACEVTHQGLSSPVTKSFNRGEC (SEQ ID NO: 123) >73C5vK39_15 Light Chain EIVMTQSPATLSVSPGVRATLSCKASQDVGTNVLWYQQKPGQAPRPLIYSASYRHSG IPARFSGSGSGTEFTLTISSLQSEDFAEYYCQQYSRYPLTFGQGTKLEIKRTVAAPSVFI FPPSDEQLKSGTASVVCLLNNFYPREAKVQWKVDNALQSGNSQESVTEQDSKDSTY SLSSTLTLSKADYEKHKVYACEVTHQGLSSPVTKSFNRGEC (SEQ ID NO: 124) Heavy Chain Amino Acid Sequences >81B4vH33_49 Heavy Chain QVQLVQSGAEVKKPGASVKVSCKASGYSFTSSWIHWVRQAPGQGLEWIGEINPGNV RTNYNENFRNKATMTVDTSISTAYMELSRLRSDDTAVYYCAVVFYGEPYFPYWGQ GTLVTVSSASTKGPSVFPLAPSSKSTSGGTAALGCLVKDYFPEPVTVSWNSGALTSG VHTFPAVLQSSGLYSLSSVVTVPSSSLGTQTYICNVNHKPSNTKVDKRVEPKSCDKT HTCPPCPAPEAAGGPSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISRTPEVTCVVVDVSHEDPEVKFNWYVD GVEVHNAKTKPREEQYNSTYRVVSVLTVLHQDWLNGKEYKCKVSNKALPAPIEKTI SKAKGQPREPQVYTLPPSREEMTKNQVSLTCLVKGFYPSDIAVEWESNGQPENNYKT TPPVLDSDGSFFLYSKLTVDKSRWQQGNVFSCSVMHEALHNHYTQKSLSLSPGK (SEQ ID NO: 125) >81B4vH33_85T Heavy Chain QVQLVQSGAEVKKPGASVKVSCKASGYSFTSSWIHWVRQRPGQGLEWIGEINPGNV RTNYNENFRNRVTMTVDTSISTAYMELSRLRSDDTAVYYCTVVFYGEPYFPYWGQG TLVTVSSASTKGPSVFPLAPSSKSTSGGTAALGCLVKDYFPEPVTVSWNSGALTSGV HTFPAVLQSSGLYSLSSVVTVPSSSLGTQTYICNVNHKPSNTKVDKRVEPKSCDKTHT CPPCPAPEAAGGPSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISRTPEVTCVVVDVSHEDPEVKFNWYVDGV EVHNAKTKPREEQYNSTYRVVSVLTVLHQDWLNGKEYKCKVSNKALPAPIEKTISK AKGQPREPQVYTLPPSREEMTKNQVSLTCLVKGFYPSDIAVEWESNGQPENNYKTTP PVLDSDGSFFLYSKLTVDKSRWQQGNVFSCSVMHEALHNHYTQKSLSLSPGK (SEQ ID NO: 126) >81B4vH33_90 Heavy Chain QVQLVQSGAEVKKPGASVKVSCKASGYSFTSSWIHWVKQAPGQGLEWMGEINPGN VRTNYNENFRNKVTMTVDTSISTAYMELSRLRSDDTAVYYCTVVFYGEPYFPYWGQ GTLVTVSSASTKGPSVFPLAPSSKSTSGGTAALGCLVKDYFPEPVTVSWNSGALTSG VHTFPAVLQSSGLYSLSSVVTVPSSSLGTQTYICNVNHKPSNTKVDKRVEPKSCDKT HTCPPCPAPEAAGGPSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISRTPEVTCVVVDVSHEDPEVKFNWYVD GVEVHNAKTKPREEQYNSTYRVVSVLTVLHQDWLNGKEYKCKVSNKALPAPIEKTI SKAKGQPREPQVYTLPPSREEMTKNQVSLTCLVKGFYPSDIAVEWESNGQPENNYKT TPPVLDSDGSFFLYSKLTVDKSRWQQGNVFSCSVMHEALHNHYTQKSLSLSPGK (SEQ ID NO: 127) >81B4vH33_93 Heavy Chain QVQLVQSGAEVKKPGASVKVSCKASGYSFTSSWIHWVRQRPGQGLEWMGEINPGN VRTNYNENFRNRATLTRDTSISTAYMELSRLRSDDTAVYYCAVVFYGEPYFPYWGQ GTLVTVSSASTKGPSVFPLAPSSKSTSGGTAALGCLVKDYFPEPVTVSWNSGALTSG VHTFPAVLQSSGLYSLSSVVTVPSSSLGTQTYICNVNHKPSNTKVDKRVEPKSCDKT HTCPPCPAPEAAGGPSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISRTPEVTCVVVDVSHEDPEVKFNWYVD GVEVHNAKTKPREEQYNSTYRVVSVLTVLHQDWLNGKEYKCKVSNKALPAPIEKTI SKAKGQPREPQVYTLPPSREEMTKNQVSLTCLVKGFYPSDIAVEWESNGQPENNYKT TPPVLDSDGSFFLYSKLTVDKSRWQQGNVFSCSVMHEALHNHYTQKSLSLSPGK (SEQ ID NO: 128) >81B4vH50_22 Heavy Chain QVQLVQSGAEVKKPGASVKVSCKASGYSFTSSWIHWVRQRPGQGLEWMGEILPGV VRTNYNENFRNKVTMTVDTSISTAYMELSRLRSDDTAVYYCTVVFYGEPYFPYWGQ GTLVTVSSASTKGPSVFPLAPSSKSTSGGTAALGCLVKDYFPEPVTVSWNSGALTSG VHTFPAVLQSSGLYSLSSVVTVPSSSLGTQTYICNVNHKPSNTKVDKRVEPKSCDKT HTCPPCPAPEAAGGPSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISRTPEVTCVVVDVSHEDPEVKFNWYVD GVEVHNAKTKPREEQYNSTYRVVSVLTVLHQDWLNGKEYKCKVSNKALPAPIEKTI SKAKGQPREPQVYTLPPSREEMTKNQVSLTCLVKGFYPSDIAVEWESNGQPENNYKT TPPVLDSDGSFFLYSKLTVDKSRWQQGNVFSCSVMHEALHNHYTQKSLSLSPGK (SEQ ID NO: 129) >81B4vH50_30 Heavy Chain QVQLVQSGAEVKKPGASVKVSCKASGYSFTSSWIHWVRQRPGQGLEWIGEINPGAV RTNYNENFRNRVTMTVDTSISTAYMELSRLRSDDTAVYYCTVVFYGEPYFPYWGQG TLVTVSSASTKGPSVFPLAPSSKSTSGGTAALGCLVKDYFPEPVTVSWNSGALTSGV HTFPAVLQSSGLYSLSSVVTVPSSSLGTQTYICNVNHKPSNTKVDKRVEPKSCDKTHT CPPCPAPEAAGGPSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISRTPEVTCVVVDVSHEDPEVKFNWYVDGV EVHNAKTKPREEQYNSTYRVVSVLTVLHQDWLNGKEYKCKVSNKALPAPIEKTISK AKGQPREPQVYTLPPSREEMTKNQVSLTCLVKGFYPSDIAVEWESNGQPENNYKTTP PVLDSDGSFFLYSKLTVDKSRWQQGNVFSCSVMHEALHNHYTQKSLSLSPGK (SEQ ID NO: 130) >81B4vH51_13 Heavy Chain QVQLVQSGAEVKKPGASVKVSCKASGYSFTSSWIHWVRQAPGQGLEWIGEINPGLV RTNYNENFRNKVTMTVDTSISTAYMELSRLRSDDTAVYYCAVVFYGEPYFPYWGQ GTLVTVSSASTKGPSVFPLAPSSKSTSGGTAALGCLVKDYFPEPVTVSWNSGALTSG VHTFPAVLQSSGLYSLSSVVTVPSSSLGTQTYICNVNHKPSNTKVDKRVEPKSCDKT HTCPPCPAPEAAGGPSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISRTPEVTCVVVDVSHEDPEVKFNWYVD GVEVHNAKTKPREEQYNSTYRVVSVLTVLHQDWLNGKEYKCKVSNKALPAPIEKTI SKAKGQPREPQVYTLPPSREEMTKNQVSLTCLVKGFYPSDIAVEWESNGQPENNYKT TPPVLDSDGSFFLYSKLTVDKSRWQQGNVFSCSVMHEALHNHYTQKSLSLSPGK (SEQ ID NO: 131) >81B4vH51_15 Heavy Chain QVQLVQSGAEVKKPGASVKVSCKASGYSFTSSWIHWVRQAPGQGLEWIGEINPGAV RTNYNENFRNKVTMTVDTSISTAYMELSRLRSDDTAVYYCAVVFYGEPYFPYWGQ GTLVTVSSASTKGPSVFPLAPSSKSTSGGTAALGCLVKDYFPEPVTVSWNSGALTSG VHTFPAVLQSSGLYSLSSVVTVPSSSLGTQTYICNVNHKPSNTKVDKRVEPKSCDKT HTCPPCPAPEAAGGPSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISRTPEVTCVVVDVSHEDPEVKFNWYVD GVEVHNAKTKPREEQYNSTYRVVSVLTVLHQDWLNGKEYKCKVSNKALPAPIEKTI SKAKGQPREPQVYTLPPSREEMTKNQVSLTCLVKGFYPSDIAVEWESNGQPENNYKT TPPVLDSDGSFFLYSKLTVDKSRWQQGNVFSCSVMHEALHNHYTQKSLSLSPGK (SEQ ID NO: 132) >81B4vH52_83 Heavy Chain QVQLVQSGAEVKKPGASVKVSCKASGYSFTSSWIHWVRQAPGQGLEWIGEINPGSV RTNYNENFRNKATMTVDTSISTAYMELSRLRSDDTAVYYCAVVFYGEPYFPYWGQ GTLVTVSSASTKGPSVFPLAPSSKSTSGGTAALGCLVKDYFPEPVTVSWNSGALTSG VHTFPAVLQSSGLYSLSSVVTVPSSSLGTQTYICNVNHKPSNTKVDKRVEPKSCDKT HTCPPCPAPEAAGGPSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISRTPEVTCVVVDVSHEDPEVKFNWYVD GVEVHNAKTKPREEQYNSTYRVVSVLTVLHQDWLNGKEYKCKVSNKALPAPIEKTI SKAKGQPREPQVYTLPPSREEMTKNQVSLTCLVKGFYPSDIAVEWESNGQPENNYKT TPPVLDSDGSFFLYSKLTVDKSRWQQGNVFSCSVMHEALHNHYTQKSLSLSPGK (SEQ ID NO: 133) >73C5vH46_4 Heavy Chain QVQLQESGPGLVKPSETLSITCTVSGFSLTDYAVHWIRQPPGKGLEWIGVIWSDGSTD YNAPFKSRVTINKDTSKSQVSFKMSSVQAADTAVYYCARKGGYSGSWFAYWGQGT LVTVSSASTKGPSVFPLAPSSKSTSGGTAALGCLVKDYFPEPVTVSWNSGALTSGVH TFPAVLQSSGLYSLSSVVTVPSSSLGTQTYICNVNHKPSNTKVDKRVEPKSCDKTHTC PPCPAPEAAGGPSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISRTPEVTCVVVDVSHEDPEVKFNWYVDGVE VHNAKTKPREEQYNSTYRVVSVLTVLHQDWLNGKEYKCKVSNKALPAPIEKTISKA KGQPREPQVYTLPPSREEMTKNQVSLTCLVKGFYPSDIAVEWESNGQPENNYKTTPP VLDSDGSFFLYSKLTVDKSRWQQGNVFSCSVMHEALHNHYTQKSLSLSPGK (SEQ ID NO: 134) >73C5vH46_19 Heavy Chain QVQLQESGPGLVKPSETLSITCTVSGFSLTDYAVHWIRQPPGKGLEWIGVIWSDGSTD YNAPFKSRVTISKDTSKNQVSLKMNSLTTDDTAVYYCARKGGYSGSWFAYWGQGT LVTVSSASTKGPSVFPLAPSSKSTSGGTAALGCLVKDYFPEPVTVSWNSGALTSGVH TFPAVLQSSGLYSLSSVVTVPSSSLGTQTYICNVNHKPSNTKVDKRVEPKSCDKTHTC PPCPAPEAAGGPSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISRTPEVTCVVVDVSHEDPEVKFNWYVDGVE VHNAKTKPREEQYNSTYRVVSVLTVLHQDWLNGKEYKCKVSNKALPAPIEKTISKA KGQPREPQVYTLPPSREEMTKNQVSLTCLVKGFYPSDIAVEWESNGQPENNYKTTPP VLDSDGSFFLYSKLTVDKSRWQQGNVFSCSVMHEALHNHYTQKSLSLSPGK (SEQ ID NO: 135) >73C5vH46_40 Heavy Chain QVQLQESGPGLVKPSETLSITCTVSGFSLTDYAVHWIRQPPGKGLEWIGVIWSDGSTD YNAPFKSRVTISKDNSKSQVSLKMNSVTVADTAVYYCARKGGYSGSWFAYWGQGT LVTVSSASTKGPSVFPLAPSSKSTSGGTAALGCLVKDYFPEPVTVSWNSGALTSGVH TFPAVLQSSGLYSLSSVVTVPSSSLGTQTYICNVNHKPSNTKVDKRVEPKSCDKTHTC PPCPAPEAAGGPSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISRTPEVTCVVVDVSHEDPEVKFNWYVDGVE VHNAKTKPREEQYNSTYRVVSVLTVLHQDWLNGKEYKCKVSNKALPAPIEKTISKA KGQPREPQVYTLPPSREEMTKNQVSLTCLVKGFYPSDIAVEWESNGQPENNYKTTPP VLDSDGSFFLYSKLTVDKSRWQQGNVFSCSVMHEALHNHYTQKSLSLSPGK (SEQ ID NO: 136) >73C5vH47_65 Heavy Chain QVQLQESGPGLVKPSETLSITCTVSGFSLTDYAVHWVRQPPGKGLEWIGVIWSDGST DYNAPFKSRVTISKDTSKNQVSFKLSSVTVDDTAVYYCARKGGYSGSWFAYWGQG TLVTVSSASTKGPSVFPLAPSSKSTSGGTAALGCLVKDYFPEPVTVSWNSGALTSGV HTFPAVLQSSGLYSLSSVVTVPSSSLGTQTYICNVNHKPSNTKVDKRVEPKSCDKTHT CPPCPAPEAAGGPSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISRTPEVTCVVVDVSHEDPEVKFNWYVDGV EVHNAKTKPREEQYNSTYRVVSVLTVLHQDWLNGKEYKCKVSNKALPAPIEKTISK AKGQPREPQVYTLPPSREEMTKNQVSLTCLVKGFYPSDIAVEWESNGQPENNYKTTP PVLDSDGSFFLYSKLTVDKSRWQQGNVFSCSVMHEALHNHYTQKSLSLSPGK (SEQ ID NO: 137) >73C5vH47_77 Heavy Chain QVQLQESGPGLVAPSETLSLTCTVSGFSLTDYAVHWIRQFPGKGLEWIGVIWSDGST DFNAPFKSRVTISKDTSKNQVSFKLSSVTTDDTAVYYCARKGGYSGSWFAYWGQGT LVTVSSASTKGPSVFPLAPSSKSTSGGTAALGCLVKDYFPEPVTVSWNSGALTSGVH TFPAVLQSSGLYSLSSVVTVPSSSLGTQTYICNVNHKPSNTKVDKRVEPKSCDKTHTC PPCPAPEAAGGPSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISRTPEVTCVVVDVSHEDPEVKFNWYVDGVE VHNAKTKPREEQYNSTYRVVSVLTVLHQDWLNGKEYKCKVSNKALPAPIEKTISKA KGQPREPQVYTLPPSREEMTKNQVSLTCLVKGFYPSDIAVEWESNGQPENNYKTTPP VLDSDGSFFLYSKLTVDKSRWQQGNVFSCSVMHEALHNHYTQKSLSLSPGK (SEQ ID NO: 138) >73C5vH58_91 Heavy Chain QVQLQESGPGLVKPSETLSITCTVSGFSLTDYAVHWIRQPPGKGLEWIGVIWSDGSTD YNAPFKSRVTISKDNSKSQVSFKMSSVTADDTAVYYCARKGGYSGSWFAYWGQGT LVTVSSASTKGPSVFPLAPSSKSTSGGTAALGCLVKDYFPEPVTVSWNSGALTSGVH TFPAVLQSSGLYSLSSVVTVPSSSLGTQTYICNVNHKPSNTKVDKRVEPKSCDKTHTC PPCPAPEAAGGPSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISRTPEVTCVVVDVSHEDPEVKFNWYVDGVE VHNAKTKPREEQYNSTYRVVSVLTVLHQDWLNGKEYKCKVSNKALPAPIEKTISKA KGQPREPQVYTLPPSREEMTKNQVSLTCLVKGFYPSDIAVEWESNGQPENNYKTTPP VLDSDGSFFLYSKLTVDKSRWQQGNVFSCSVMHEALHNHYTQKSLSLSPGK (SEQ ID NO: 139)

The CDRs listed above are defined using the Chothia numbering system (Al-Lazikani et al., (1997) JMB 273, 927-948).

In one aspect, an antibody of the present invention comprises 3 light chain CDRs and 3 heavy chain CDRs, for example as set forth above.

In one aspect, an antibody of the present invention comprises a light chain and a heavy chain variable region as set forth above. In one aspect, a light chain variable region of the invention is fused to a light chain constant region, for example a kappa or lambda constant region. In one aspect, a heavy chain variable region of the invention is fused to a heavy chain constant region, for example IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG or IgM, in particular, IgG₁, IgG₂, IgG₃ or IgG₄.

The present invention provides an anti-IL-36R antibody comprising a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 115; and a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 125 (Antibody B1).

The present invention provides an anti-IL-36R antibody comprising a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 115; and a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 126 (Antibody B2).

The present invention provides an anti-IL-36R antibody comprising a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 115; and a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 127 (Antibody B3).

The present invention provides an anti-IL-36R antibody comprising a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 118; and a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 125 (Antibody B4).

The present invention provides an anti-IL-36R antibody comprising a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 118; and a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 126 (Antibody B5).

The present invention provides an anti-IL-36R antibody comprising a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 118; and a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 127 Antibody B6).

The present invention provides an anti-IL-36R antibody comprising a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 123; and a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 138 (Antibody C3).

The present invention provides an anti-IL-36R antibody comprising a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 123; and a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 139 (Antibody C2).

The present invention provides an anti-IL-36R antibody comprising a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 124; and a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 138 (Antibody C1)

Representative antibodies of the present invention are shown below.

TABLE A Anti- body Light Chain Sequences Heavy Chain Sequences B1 EIVLTQSPGTLSLSPGERATMSCTA QVQLVQSGAEVKKPGASVKVSCKASGYS SSSVSSSYFHWYQQKPGQAPRLLI FTSSWIHWVRQAPGQGLEWIGEINPGNV YRTSILASGVPDRFSGSGSGTDFTL RTNYNENFRNKATMTVDTSISTAYMELS TISRLEPEDFATYYCHQFHRSPLTF RLRSDDTAVYYCAVVFYGEPYFPYWGQ GQGTKLEIKRTVAAPSVFIFPPSD GTLVTVSSASTKGPSVFPLAPSSKSTSGGT EQLKSGTASVVCLLNNFYPREAK AALGCLVKDYFPEPVTVSWNSGALTSGV VQWKVDNALQSGNSQESVTEQD HTFPAVLQSSGLYSLSSVVTVPSSSLGTQT SKDSTYSLSSTLTLSKADYEKHKV YICNVNHKPSNTKVDKRVEPKSCDKTHT YACEVTHQGLSSPVTKSFNRGEC CPPCPAPEAAGGPSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISR (SEQ ID NO: 115) TPEVTCVVVDVSHEDPEVKFNWYVDGV EVHNAKTKPREEQYNSTYRVVSVLTVLH QDWLNGKEYKCKVSNKALPAPIEKTISK AKGQPREPQVYTLPPSREEMTKNQVSLT CLVKGFYPSDIAVEWESNGQPENNYKTT PPVLDSDGSFFLYSKLTVDKSRWQQGNV FSCSVMHEALHNHYTQKSLSLSPGK (SEQ ID NO: 125) B2 EIVLTQSPGTLSLSPGERATMSCTA QVQLVQSGAEVKKPGASVKVSCKASGYS SSSVSSSYFHWYQQKPGQAPRLLI FTSSWIHWVRQRPGQGLEWIGEINPGNVR YRTSILASGVPDRFSGSGSGTDFTL TNYNENFRNRVTMTVDTSISTAYMELSR TISRLEPEDFATYYCHQFHRSPLTF LRSDDTAVYYCTVVFYGEPYFPYWGQGT GQGTKLEIKRTVAAPSVFIFPPSD LVTVSSASTKGPSVFPLAPSSKSTSGGTAA EQLKSGTASVVCLLNNFYPREAK LGCLVKDYFPEPVTVSWNSGALTSGVHT VQWKVDNALQSGNSQESVTEQD FPAVLQSSGLYSLSSVVTVPSSSLGTQTYI SKDSTYSLSSTLTLSKADYEKHKV CNVNHKPSNTKVDKRVEPKSCDKTHTCP YACEVTHQGLSSPVTKSFNRGEC PCPAPEAAGGPSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISRTP (SEQ ID NO: 115) EVTCVVVDVSHEDPEVKFNWYVDGVEV HNAKTKPREEQYNSTYRVVSVLTVLHQD WLNGKEYKCKVSNKALPAPIEKTISKAK GQPREPQVYTLPPSREEMTKNQVSLTCLV KGFYPSDIAVEWESNGQPENNYKTTPPVL DSDGSFFLYSKLTVDKSRWQQGNVFSCS VMHEALHNHYTQKSLSLSPGK (SEQ ID NO: 126) B3 EIVLTQSPGTLSLSPGERATMSCTA QVQLVQSGAEVKKPGASVKVSCKASGYS SSSVSSSYFHWYQQKPGQAPRLLI FTSSWIHWVKQAPGQGLEWMGEINPGNV YRTSILASGVPDRFSGSGSGTDFTL RTNYNENFRNKVTMTVDTSISTAYMELS TISRLEPEDFATYYCHQFHRSPLTF RLRSDDTAVYYCTVVFYGEPYFPYWGQG GQGTKLEIKRTVAAPSVFIFPPSD TLVTVSSASTKGPSVFPLAPSSKSTSGGTA EQLKSGTASVVCLLNNFYPREAK ALGCLVKDYFPEPVTVSWNSGALTSGVH VQWKVDNALQSGNSQESVTEQD TFPAVLQSSGLYSLSSVVTVPSSSLGTQTY SKDSTYSLSSTLTLSKADYEKHKV ICNVNHKPSNTKVDKRVEPKSCDKTHTC YACEVTHQGLSSPVTKSFNRGEC PPCPAPEAAGGPSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISRT (SEQ ID NO: 115) PEVTCVVVDVSHEDPEVKFNWYVDGVE VHNAKTKPREEQYNSTYRVVSVLTVLHQ DWLNGKEYKCKVSNKALPAPIEKTISKA KGQPREPQVYTLPPSREEMTKNQVSLTCL VKGFYPSDIAVEWESNGQPENNYKTTPP VLDSDGSFFLYSKLTVDKSRWQQGNVFS CSVMHEALHNHYTQKSLSLSPGK (SEQ ID NO: 127) B4 QIVLTQSPGTLSLSPGERATMTCTA QVQLVQSGAEVKKPGASVKVSCKASGYS SSSVSSSYFHWYQQKPGQAPRLWI FTSSWIHWVRQAPGQGLEWIGEINPGNV YRTSRLASGVPDRFSGSGSGTDFT RTNYNENFRNKATMTVDTSISTAYMELS LTISRLEPEDAATYYCHQFHRSPLT RLRSDDTAVYYCAVVFYGEPYFPYWGQ FGAGTKLEIKRTVAAPSVFIFPPSD GTLVTVSSASTKGPSVFPLAPSSKSTSGGT EQLKSGTASVVCLLNNFYPREAK AALGCLVKDYFPEPVTVSWNSGALTSGV VQWKVDNALQSGNSQESVTEQD HTFPAVLQSSGLYSLSSVVTVPSSSLGTQT SKDSTYSLSSTLTLSKADYEKHKV YICNVNHKPSNTKVDKRVEPKSCDKTHT YACEVTHQGLSSPVTKSFNRGEC CPPCPAPEAAGGPSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISR (SEQ ID NO: 118) TPEVTCVVVDVSHEDPEVKFNWYVDGV EVHNAKTKPREEQYNSTYRVVSVLTVLH QDWLNGKEYKCKVSNKALPAPIEKTISK AKGQPREPQVYTLPPSREEMTKNQVSLT CLVKGFYPSDIAVEWESNGQPENNYKTT PPVLDSDGSFFLYSKLTVDKSRWQQGNV FSCSVMHEALHNHYTQKSLSLSPGK (SEQ ID NO: 125) B5 QIVLTQSPGTLSLSPGERATMTCTA QVQLVQSGAEVKKPGASVKVSCKASGYS SSSVSSSYFHWYQQKPGQAPRLWI FTSSWIHWVRQRPGQGLEWIGEINPGNVR YRTSRLASGVPDRFSGSGSGTDFT TNYNENFRNRVTMTVDTSISTAYMELSR LTISRLEPEDAATYYCHQFHRSPLT LRSDDTAVYYCTVVFYGEPYFPYWGQGT FGAGTKLEIKRTVAAPSVFIFPPSD LVTVSSASTKGPSVFPLAPSSKSTSGGTAA EQLKSGTASVVCLLNNFYPREAK LGCLVKDYFPEPVTVSWNSGALTSGVHT VQWKVDNALQSGNSQESVTEQD FPAVLQSSGLYSLSSVVTVPSSSLGTQTYI SKDSTYSLSSTLTLSKADYEKHKV CNVNHKPSNTKVDKRVEPKSCDKTHTCP YACEVTHQGLSSPVTKSFNRGEC PCPAPEAAGGPSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISRTP (SEQ ID NO: 118) EVTCVVVDVSHEDPEVKFNWYVDGVEV HNAKTKPREEQYNSTYRVVSVLTVLHQD WLNGKEYKCKVSNKALPAPIEKTISKAK GQPREPQVYTLPPSREEMTKNQVSLTCLV KGFYPSDIAVEWESNGQPENNYKTTPPVL DSDGSFFLYSKLTVDKSRWQQGNVFSCS VMHEALHNHYTQKSLSLSPGK (SEQ ID NO: 126) B6 QIVLTQSPGTLSLSPGERATMTCTA QVQLVQSGAEVKKPGASVKVSCKASGYS SSSVSSSYFHWYQQKPGQAPRLWI FTSSWIHWVKQAPGQGLEWMGEINPGNV YRTSRLASGVPDRFSGSGSGTDFT RTNYNENFRNKVTMTVDTSISTAYMELS LTISRLEPEDAATYYCHQFHRSPLT RLRSDDTAVYYCTVVFYGEPYFPYWGQG FGAGTKLEIKRTVAAPSVFIFPPSD TLVTVSSASTKGPSVFPLAPSSKSTSGGTA EQLKSGTASVVCLLNNFYPREAK ALGCLVKDYFPEPVTVSWNSGALTSGVH VQWKVDNALQSGNSQESVTEQD TFPAVLQSSGLYSLSSVVTVPSSSLGTQTY SKDSTYSLSSTLTLSKADYEKHKV ICNVNHKPSNTKVDKRVEPKSCDKTHTC YACEVTHQGLSSPVTKSFNRGEC PPCPAPEAAGGPSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISRT (SEQ ID NO: 118) PEVTCVVVDVSHEDPEVKFNWYVDGVE VHNAKTKPREEQYNSTYRVVSVLTVLHQ DWLNGKEYKCKVSNKALPAPIEKTISKA KGQPREPQVYTLPPSREEMTKNQVSLTCL VKGFYPSDIAVEWESNGQPENNYKTTPP VLDSDGSFFLYSKLTVDKSRWQQGNVFS CSVMHEALHNHYTQKSLSLSPGK (SEQ ID NO: 127)

TABLE B Anti- body Light Chain Sequences Heavy Chain Sequences C1 EIVMTQSPATLSVSPGVRATLSCK QVQLQESGPGLVAPSETLSLTCTVSGFSL ASQDVGTNVLWYQQKPGQAPRPL TDYAVHWIRQFPGKGLEWIGVIWSDGST IYSASYRHSGIPARFSGSGSGTEFTL DFNAPFKSRVTISKDTSKNQVSFKLSSVTT TISSLQSEDFAEYYCQQYSRYPLTF DDTAVYYCARKGGYSGSWFAYWGQGTL GQGTKLEIKRTVAAPSVFIFPPSDE VTVSSASTKGPSVFPLAPSSKSTSGGTAAL QLKSGTASVVCLLNNFYPREAKV GCLVKDYFPEPVTVSWNSGALTSGVHTF QWKVDNALQSGNSQESVTEQDSK PAVLQSSGLYSLSSVVTVPSSSLGTQTYIC DSTYSLSSTLTLSKADYEKHKVYA NVNHKPSNTKVDKRVEPKSCDKTHTCPP CEVTHQGLSSPVTKSFNRGEC CPAPEAAGGPSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISRTPE (SEQ ID NO: 124) VTCVVVDVSHEDPEVKFNWYVDGVEVH NAKTKPREEQYNSTYRVVSVLTVLHQD WLNGKEYKCKVSNKALPAPIEKTISKAK GQPREPQVYTLPPSREEMTKNQVSLTCLV KGFYPSDIAVEWESNGQPENNYKTTPPVL DSDGSFPLYSKLTVDKSRWQQGNVFSCS VMHEALHNHYTQKSLSLSPGK (SEQ ID NO: 138) C2 EIVMTQSPATLSVSPGVRATLSCK QVQLQESGPGLVKPSETLSITCTVSGFSLT ASQDVGTNVLWYQQKPGQAPRPL DYAVHWIRQPPGKGLEWIGVIWSDGSTD IYSASYRHSGIPDRFSGSGSGTEFTL YNAPFKSRVTISKDNSKSQVSFKMSSVTA TISSLQSEDFAVYYCQQYSRYPLTF DDTAVYYCARKGGYSGSWFAYWGQGTL GQGTKLEIKRTVAAPSVFIFPPSDE VTVSSASTKGPSVFPLAPSSKSTSGGTAAL QLKSGTASVVCLLNNFYPREAKV GCLVKDYFPEPVTVSWNSGALTSGVHTF QWKVDNALQSGNSQESVTEQDSK PAVLQSSGLYSLSSVVTVPSSSLGTQTYIC DSTYSLSSTLTLSKADYEKHKVYA NVNHKPSNTKVDKRVEPKSCDKTHTCPP CEVTHQGLSSPVTKSFNRGEC CPAPEAAGGPSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISRTPE (SEQ ID NO: 123) VTCVVVDVSHEDPEVKFNWYVDGVEVH NAKTKPREEQYNSTYRVVSVLTVLHQD WLNGKEYKCKVSNKALPAPIEKTISKAK GQPREPQVYTLPPSREEMTKNQVSLTCLV KGFYPSDIAVEWESNGQPENNYKTTPPVL DSDGSFPLYSKLTVDKSRWQQGNVFSCS VMHEALHNHYTQKSLSLSPGK (SEQ ID NO: 139) C3 EIVMTQSPATLSVSPGVRATLSCK QVQLQESGPGLVAPSETLSLTCTVSGFSL ASQDVGTNVLWYQQKPGQAPRPL TDYAVHWIRQFPGKGLEWIGVIWSDGST IYSASYRHSGIPDRFSGSGSGTEFTL DFNAPFKSRVTISKDTSKNQVSFKLSSVTT TISSLQSEDFAVYYCQQYSRYPLTF DDTAVYYCARKGGYSGSWFAYWGQGTL GQGTKLEIKRTVAAPSVFIFPPSDE VTVSSASTKGPSVFPLAPSSKSTSGGTAAL QLKSGTASVVCLLNNFYPREAKV GCLVKDYFPEPVTVSWNSGALTSGVHTF QWKVDNALQSGNSQESVTEQDSK PAVLQSSGLYSLSSVVTVPSSSLGTQTYIC DSTYSLSSTLTLSKADYEKHKVYA NVNHKPSNTKVDKRVEPKSCDKTHTCPP CEVTHQGLSSPVTKSFNRGEC CPAPEAAGGPSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISRTPE (SEQ ID NO: 123) VTCVVVDVSHEDPEVKFNWYVDGVEVH NAKTKPREEQYNSTYRVVSVLTVLHQD WLNGKEYKCKVSNKALPAPIEKTISKAK GQPREPQVYTLPPSREEMTKNQVSLTCLV KGFYPSDIAVEWESNGQPENNYKTTPPVL DSDGSPPLYSKLTVDKSRWQQGNVFSCS VMHEALHNHYTQKSLSLSPGK (SEQ ID NO: 138)

The antibodies of the present invention are useful in methods for the treatment of various diseases or disorders, for example immunological, inflammatory, autoimmune diseases and respiratory diseases in humans. For example, the antibodies of the present invention are useful in methods for the treatment of psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease or psoriatic arthritis. For example, the antibodies of the present invention are useful in methods for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD) or asthma. For example, the antibodies of the present invention are useful in methods for the treatment of scleroderma, palmoplantar pustulosis, generalized pustular psoriasis, diabetic nephropathy, lupus nephritis, scleroderma, ankylosing spondylitis, deficiency in the IL-36 receptor antagonist autoimmune disease (DITRA), deficiency in the IL-1 receptor antagonist autoimmune disease (DIRA) or cryopyrin associated periodic syndromes (CAPS).

In some aspects, the humanized antibody displays blocking activity, whereby it decreases the binding of IL-36 ligand to IL-36 receptor by at least 45%, by at least 50%, by at least 55%, by at least 60%, by at least 65%, by at least 70%, by at least 75%, by at least 80%, by at least 85%, by at least 90%, or by at least 95%. The ability of an antibody to block binding of IL-36 ligand to the IL-36 receptor can be measured using competitive binding assays known in the art. Alternatively, the blocking activity of an antibody can be measured by assessing the biological effects of IL-36, such as the production of IL-8, IL-6, and GM-CSF to determine if signaling mediated by the IL-36 receptor is inhibited.

In a further aspect, the present invention provides a humanized anti-IL-36R antibody having favorable biophysical properties. In one aspect, a humanized anti-IL-36R antibody of the present invention is present in at least 90% monomer form, or in at least 92% monomer form, or in at least 95% monomer form in a buffer. In a further aspect, a humanized anti-IL-36R antibody of the present invention remains in at least 90% monomer form, or in at least 92% monomer form, or in at least 95% monomer form in a buffer for one month or for four months.

In one aspect, a humanized antibody of the present invention is Antibody B1, Antibody B2, Antibody B3, Antibody B4, Antibody B5, Antibody B6, Antibody C1, Antibody C2, or Antibody C3. Accordingly, in one embodiment, a humanized antibody of the present invention comprises the light chain sequence of SEQ ID NO:115 and the heavy chain sequence of SEQ ID NO:125 (Antibody B1). In another embodiment, a humanized antibody of the present invention comprises the light chain sequence of SEQ ID NO:115 and the heavy chain sequence of SEQ ID NO:126 (Antibody B2). In another embodiment, a humanized antibody of the present invention comprises the light chain sequence of SEQ ID NO:115 and the heavy chain sequence of SEQ ID NO:127 (Antibody B3). In another embodiment, a humanized antibody of the present invention comprises the light chain sequence of SEQ ID NO:118 and the heavy chain sequence of SEQ ID NO:125 (Antibody B4). In another embodiment, a humanized antibody of the present invention comprises the light chain sequence of SEQ ID NO:118 and the heavy chain sequence of SEQ ID NO:126 (Antibody B5). In another embodiment, a humanized antibody of the present invention comprises the light chain sequence of SEQ ID NO:118 and the heavy chain sequence of SEQ ID NO:127 (Antibody B6). In another embodiment, a humanized antibody of the present invention comprises the light chain sequence of SEQ ID NO:124 and the heavy chain sequence of SEQ ID NO:138 (Antibody C1). In another embodiment, a humanized antibody of the present invention comprises the light chain sequence of SEQ ID NO:123 and the heavy chain sequence of SEQ ID NO:139 (Antibody C2). In another embodiment, a humanized antibody of the present invention comprises the light chain sequence of SEQ ID NO:123 and the heavy chain sequence of SEQ ID NO:138 (Antibody C3).

In a further embodiment, a humanized antibody of the present invention consists of the light chain sequence of SEQ ID NO:115 and the heavy chain sequence of SEQ ID NO:125 (Antibody B1). In another embodiment, a humanized antibody of the present invention consists of the light chain sequence of SEQ ID NO:115 and the heavy chain sequence of SEQ ID NO:126 (Antibody B2). In another embodiment, a humanized antibody of the present invention consists of the light chain sequence of SEQ ID NO:115 and the heavy chain sequence of SEQ ID NO:127 (Antibody B3). In another embodiment, a humanized antibody of the present invention consists of the light chain sequence of SEQ ID NO:118 and the heavy chain sequence of SEQ ID NO:125 (Antibody B4). In another embodiment, a humanized antibody of the present invention consists of the light chain sequence of SEQ ID NO:118 and the heavy chain sequence of SEQ ID NO:126 (Antibody B5). In another embodiment, a humanized antibody of the present invention consists of the light chain sequence of SEQ ID NO:118 and the heavy chain sequence of SEQ ID NO:127 (Antibody B6). In another embodiment, a humanized antibody of the present invention consists of the light chain sequence of SEQ ID NO:124 and the heavy chain sequence of SEQ ID NO:138 (Antibody C1). In another embodiment, a humanized antibody of the present invention consists of the light chain sequence of SEQ ID NO:123 and the heavy chain sequence of SEQ ID NO:139 (Antibody C2). In another embodiment, a humanized antibody of the present invention consists of the light chain sequence of SEQ ID NO:123 and the heavy chain sequence of SEQ ID NO:138 (Antibody C3).

In some embodiments, the humanized anti-IL-36R antibodies, including antigen-binding fragments thereof, such as heavy and light chain variable regions, comprise an amino acid sequence of the residues derived from Antibody B1, Antibody B2, Antibody B3, Antibody B4, Antibody B5, Antibody B6, Antibody C1, Antibody C2, or Antibody C3.

In a further embodiment, the present invention provides an anti-IL-36R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof that competitively binds to human IL-36R with an antibody of the present invention, for example Antibody B1, Antibody B2, Antibody B3, Antibody B4, Antibody B5, Antibody B6, Antibody C1, Antibody C2 or Antibody C3 described herein. The ability of an antibody or antigen-binding fragment to competitively bind to IL-36R can be measured using competitive binding assays known in the art.

The humanized anti-IL-36R antibodies optionally include specific amino acid substitutions in the consensus or germline framework regions. The specific substitution of amino acid residues in these framework positions can improve various aspects of antibody performance including binding affinity and/or stability, over that demonstrated in humanized antibodies formed by “direct swap” of CDRs or HVLs into the human germline framework regions.

In some embodiments, the present invention describes other monoclonal antibodies with a light chain variable region having the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NO:1-10. In some embodiments, the present invention describes other monoclonal antibodies with a heavy chain variable region having the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NO:11-20. Placing such CDRs into FRs of the human consensus heavy and light chain variable domains will yield useful humanized antibodies of the present invention.

In particular, the present invention provides monoclonal antibodies with the combinations of light chain variable and heavy chain variable regions of SEQ ID NO:1/11, 2/12, 3/13, 4/14, 5/15, 6/16, 7/17, 8/18, 9/19, 10/20. Such variable regions can be combined with human constant regions.

In some embodiments, the present invention describes other humanized antibodies with light chain variable region sequences having the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NO:76-86. In some embodiments, the present invention describes other humanized antibodies with heavy chain variable region sequences having the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NO:87-101. In particular, the present invention provides monoclonal antibodies with the combinations of light chain variable and heavy chain variable regions of SEQ ID NO: 77/89, 80/88, 80/89, 77/87, 77/88, 80/87, 86/100, 85/101, 85/100. Such variable regions can be combined with human constant regions.

In a further embodiment, the present invention relates to an anti-IL-36R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprising a humanized light chain variable domain comprising the CDRs of SEQ ID NO:77 and framework regions having an amino acid sequence at least 90% identical, at least 93% identical or at least 95% identical to the amino acid sequence of the framework regions of the variable domain light chain amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:77 and a humanized heavy chain variable domain comprising the CDRs of SEQ ID NO:89 and framework regions having an amino acid sequence at least 90% identical, at least 93% identical or at least 95% identical to the amino acid sequence of the framework regions of the variable domain heavy chain amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:89. In one embodiment, the anti-IL-36R antibody is a humanized monoclonal antibody.

In a further embodiment, the present invention relates to an anti-IL-36R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprising a humanized light chain variable domain comprising the CDRs of SEQ ID NO:80 and framework regions having an amino acid sequence at least 90% identical, at least 93% identical or at least 95% identical to the amino acid sequence of the framework regions of the variable domain light chain amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:80 and a humanized heavy chain variable domain comprising the CDRs of SEQ ID NO:88 and framework regions having an amino acid sequence at least 90% identical, at least 93% identical or at least 95% identical to the amino acid sequence of the framework regions of the variable domain heavy chain amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:88. In one embodiment, the anti-IL-36R antibody is a humanized monoclonal antibody.

In a further embodiment, the present invention relates to an anti-IL-36R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprising a humanized light chain variable domain comprising the CDRs of SEQ ID NO:80 and framework regions having an amino acid sequence at least 90% identical, at least 93% identical or at least 95% identical to the amino acid sequence of the framework regions of the variable domain light chain amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:80 and a humanized heavy chain variable domain comprising the CDRs of SEQ ID NO:89 and framework regions having an amino acid sequence at least 90% identical, at least 93% identical or at least 95% identical to the amino acid sequence of the framework regions of the variable domain heavy chain amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:89. In one embodiment, the anti-IL-36R antibody is a humanized monoclonal antibody.

In a further embodiment, the present invention relates to an anti-IL-36R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprising a humanized light chain variable domain comprising the CDRs of SEQ ID NO:77 and framework regions having an amino acid sequence at least 90% identical, at least 93% identical or at least 95% identical to the amino acid sequence of the framework regions of the variable domain light chain amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:77 and a humanized heavy chain variable domain comprising the CDRs of SEQ ID NO:87 and framework regions having an amino acid sequence at least 90% identical, at least 93% identical or at least 95% identical to the amino acid sequence of the framework regions of the variable domain heavy chain amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:87. In one embodiment, the anti-IL-36R antibody is a humanized monoclonal antibody.

In a further embodiment, the present invention relates to an anti-IL-36R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprising a humanized light chain variable domain comprising the CDRs of SEQ ID NO:77 and framework regions having an amino acid sequence at least 90% identical, at least 93% identical or at least 95% identical to the amino acid sequence of the framework regions of the variable domain light chain amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:77 and a humanized heavy chain variable domain comprising the CDRs of SEQ ID NO:88 and framework regions having an amino acid sequence at least 90% identical, at least 93% identical or at least 95% identical to the amino acid sequence of the framework regions of the variable domain heavy chain amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:88. In one embodiment, the anti-IL-36R antibody is a humanized monoclonal antibody.

In a further embodiment, the present invention relates to an anti-IL-36R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprising a humanized light chain variable domain comprising the CDRs of SEQ ID NO:80 and framework regions having an amino acid sequence at least 90% identical, at least 93% identical or at least 95% identical to the amino acid sequence of the framework regions of the variable domain light chain amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:80 and a humanized heavy chain variable domain comprising the CDRs of SEQ ID NO:87 and framework regions having an amino acid sequence at least 90% identical, at least 93% identical or at least 95% identical to the amino acid sequence of the framework regions of the variable domain heavy chain amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:87. In one embodiment, the anti-IL-36R antibody is a humanized monoclonal antibody.

In a further embodiment, the present invention relates to an anti-IL-36R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprising a humanized light chain variable domain comprising the CDRs of SEQ ID NO:86 and framework regions having an amino acid sequence at least 90% identical, at least 93% identical or at least 95% identical to the amino acid sequence of the framework regions of the variable domain light chain amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:86 and a humanized heavy chain variable domain comprising the CDRs of SEQ ID NO:100 and framework regions having an amino acid sequence at least 90% identical, at least 93% identical or at least 95% identical to the amino acid sequence of the framework regions of the variable domain heavy chain amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:100. In one embodiment, the anti-IL-36R antibody is a humanized monoclonal antibody.

In a further embodiment, the present invention relates to an anti-IL-36R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprising a humanized light chain variable domain comprising the CDRs of SEQ ID NO:85 and framework regions having an amino acid sequence at least 90% identical, at least 93% identical or at least 95% identical to the amino acid sequence of the framework regions of the variable domain light chain amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:85 and a humanized heavy chain variable domain comprising the CDRs of SEQ ID NO:101 and framework regions having an amino acid sequence at least 90% identical, at least 93% identical or at least 95% identical to the amino acid sequence of the framework regions of the variable domain heavy chain amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:101. In one embodiment, the anti-IL-36R antibody is a humanized monoclonal antibody.

In a further embodiment, the present invention relates to an anti-IL-36R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprising a humanized light chain variable domain comprising the CDRs of SEQ ID NO:85 and framework regions having an amino acid sequence at least 90% identical, at least 93% identical or at least 95% identical to the amino acid sequence of the framework regions of the variable domain light chain amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:85 and a humanized heavy chain variable domain comprising the CDRs of SEQ ID NO:100 and framework regions having an amino acid sequence at least 90% identical, at least 93% identical or at least 95% identical to the amino acid sequence of the framework regions of the variable domain heavy chain amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:100. In one embodiment, the anti-IL-36R antibody is a humanized monoclonal antibody.

In some specific embodiments, the humanized anti-IL-36R antibodies disclosed herein comprise at least a heavy or a light chain variable domain comprising the CDRs or HVLs of the murine monoclonal antibodies or humanized antibodies as disclosed herein and the FRs of the human germline heavy and light chain variable domains.

In one further aspect, the present invention provides an anti-IL-36R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprising a light chain CDR1 (L-CDR1) sequence of any one of SEQ ID NO:21-29; a light chain CDR2 (L-CDR2) sequence of any one of SEQ ID NO:30-38; a light chain CDR3 (L-CDR3) sequence of any one of SEQ ID NO:39-47; a heavy chain CDR1 (H-CDR1) sequence of any one of SEQ ID NO:48-56; a heavy chain CDR2 (H-CDR2) sequence of any one of SEQ ID NO:57-66; and a heavy chain CDR3 (H-CDR3) sequence of any one of SEQ ID NO:67-75. In one aspect, the anti-IL-36R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain variable region comprising a L-CDR1 listed above, a L-CDR2 listed above and a L-CDR3 listed above, and a heavy chain variable region comprising a H-CDR1 listed above, a H-CDR2 listed above and a H-CDR3 listed above.

In a further aspect, the present invention provides an anti-IL-36R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprising:

-   -   a) a L-CDR1, a L-CDR2, a L-CDR3, a H-CDR1, a H-CDR2 and a H-CDR3         sequence of SEQ ID NO:21, 30, 39, 48, 57 and 67, respectively;         or     -   b) a L-CDR1, a L-CDR2, a L-CDR3, a H-CDR1, a H-CDR2 and a H-CDR3         sequence of SEQ ID NO:22, 31, 40, 49, 58 and 68, respectively;         or     -   c) a L-CDR1, a L-CDR2, a L-CDR3, a H-CDR1, a H-CDR2 and a H-CDR3         sequence of SEQ ID NO:23, 32, 41, 50, 59 and 69, respectively;         or     -   d) a L-CDR1, a L-CDR2, a L-CDR3, a H-CDR1, a H-CDR2 and a H-CDR3         sequence of SEQ ID NO:24, 33, 42, 51, 60 and 70, respectively;         or     -   e) a L-CDR1, a L-CDR2, a L-CDR3, a H-CDR1, a H-CDR2 and a H-CDR3         sequence of SEQ ID NO:25, 34, 43, 52, 61 and 71, respectively;         or     -   f) a L-CDR1, a L-CDR2, a L-CDR3, a H-CDR1, a H-CDR2 and a H-CDR3         sequence of SEQ ID NO:26, 35, 44, 53, 62 and 72, respectively;         or     -   g) a L-CDR1, a L-CDR2, a L-CDR3, a H-CDR1, a H-CDR2 and a H-CDR3         sequence of SEQ ID NO:27, 36, 45, 54, 63 and 73, respectively;         or     -   h) a L-CDR1, a L-CDR2, a L-CDR3, a H-CDR1, a H-CDR2 and a H-CDR3         sequence of SEQ ID NO:27, 36, 45, 54, 64 and 74, respectively;         or     -   i) a L-CDR1, a L-CDR2, a L-CDR3, a H-CDR1, a H-CDR2 and a H-CDR3         sequence of SEQ ID NO:27, 36, 45, 54, 64 and 73, respectively;         or     -   j) a L-CDR1, a L-CDR2, a L-CDR3, a H-CDR1, a H-CDR2 and a H-CDR3         sequence of SEQ ID NO:28, 37, 46, 55, 65 and 74, respectively;         or     -   k) a L-CDR1, a L-CDR2, a L-CDR3, a H-CDR1, a H-CDR2 and a H-CDR3         sequence of SEQ ID NO:29, 38, 47, 56, 66 and 75, respectively.

In a further aspect, the present invention provides an anti-IL-36R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprising:

-   -   a) a L-CDR1, a L-CDR2, a L-CDR3, a H-CDR1, a H-CDR2 and a H-CDR3         sequence of SEQ ID NO:26, 103, 44, 53, 62 and 72, respectively;         or     -   b) a L-CDR1, a L-CDR2, a L-CDR3, a H-CDR1, a H-CDR2 and a H-CDR3         sequence of SEQ ID NO:26, 104, 44, 53, 62 and 72, respectively;         or     -   c) a L-CDR1, a L-CDR2, a L-CDR3, a H-CDR1, a H-CDR2 and a H-CDR3         sequence of SEQ ID NO:27, 36, 45, 107, 63 and 73, respectively;         or     -   d) a L-CDR1, a L-CDR2, a L-CDR3, a H-CDR1, a H-CDR2 and a H-CDR3         sequence of SEQ ID NO:27, 36, 45, 107, 64 or 73, respectively.

In one aspect, the anti-IL-36R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain variable region comprising a L-CDR1, L-CDR2 and L-CDR3 combination listed above, and a heavy chain variable region comprising a H-CDR1, H-CDR2 and H-CDR3 combination listed above.

In specific embodiments, it is contemplated that chimeric antibodies with switched CDR regions (i.e., for example switching one or two CDRs of one of the mouse antibodies or humanized antibody derived therefrom with the analogous CDR from another mouse antibody or humanized antibody derived therefrom) between these exemplary immunoglobulins may yield useful antibodies.

In certain embodiments, the humanized anti-IL-36R antibody is an antibody fragment. Various antibody fragments have been generally discussed above and there are techniques that have been developed for the production of antibody fragments. Fragments can be derived via proteolytic digestion of intact antibodies (see, e.g., Morimoto et al., 1992, Journal of Biochemical and Biophysical Methods 24:107-117; and Brennan et al., 1985, Science 229:81). Alternatively, the fragments can be produced directly in recombinant host cells. For example, Fab′-SH fragments can be directly recovered from E. coli and chemically coupled to form F(ab′)₂ fragments (see, e.g., Carter et al., 1992, Bio/Technology 10:163-167). By another approach, F(ab′)₂ fragments can be isolated directly from recombinant host cell culture. Other techniques for the production of antibody fragments will be apparent to the skilled practitioner. Accordingly, in one aspect, the present invention provides antibody fragments comprising the CDRs described herein, in particular one of the combinations of L-CDR1, L-CDR2, L-CDR3, H-CDR1, H-CDR2 and H-CDR3 described herein. In a further aspect, the present invention provides antibody fragments comprising the variable regions described herein, for example one of the combinations of light chain variable regions and heavy chain variable regions described herein.

Certain embodiments include an F(ab′)₂ fragment of a humanized anti-IL-36R antibody comprise a light chain sequence of any of SEQ ID NO: 115 or 118 in combination with a heavy chain sequence of SEQ ID NO: 125, 126 or 127. Such embodiments can include an intact antibody comprising such an F(ab′)₂.

Certain embodiments include an F(ab′)₂ fragment of a humanized anti-IL-36R antibody comprise a light chain sequence of any of SEQ ID NO: 123 or 124 in combination with a heavy chain sequence of SEQ ID NO: 138 or 139. Such embodiments can include an intact antibody comprising such an F(ab′)₂.

In some embodiments, the antibody or antibody fragment includes a constant region that mediates effector function. The constant region can provide antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) and/or complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) responses against an IL-36R expressing target cell. The effector domain(s) can be, for example, an Fc region of an Ig molecule.

The effector domain of an antibody can be from any suitable vertebrate animal species and isotypes. The isotypes from different animal species differ in the abilities to mediate effector functions. For example, the ability of human immunoglobulin to mediate CDC and ADCC/ADCP is generally in the order of IgM≈IgG₁≈IgG₃>IgG₂>IgG₄ and IgG₁≈IgG₃>IgG₂/IgM/IgG₄, respectively. Murine immunoglobulins mediate CDC and ADCC/ADCP generally in the order of murine IgM≈IgG₃>>IgG_(2b)>IgG_(2a)>>IgG₁ and IgG_(2b)>IgG_(2a)>IgG₁>>IgG₃, respectively. In another example, murine IgG_(2a) mediates ADCC while both murine IgG_(2a) and IgM mediate CDC.

Humanization and Amino Acid Sequence Variants

Amino acid sequence variants of the anti-IL-36R antibody can be prepared by introducing appropriate nucleotide changes into the anti-IL-36R antibody DNA, or by peptide synthesis. Such variants include, for example, deletions from, and/or insertions into and/or substitutions of, residues within the amino acid sequences of the anti-IL-36R antibodies of the examples herein. Any combination of deletions, insertions, and substitutions is made to arrive at the final construct, provided that the final construct possesses the desired characteristics. The amino acid changes also may alter post-translational processes of the humanized or variant anti-IL-36R antibody, such as changing the number or position of glycosylation sites.

A useful method for identification of certain residues or regions of the anti-IL-36R antibody that are preferred locations for mutagenesis is called “alanine scanning mutagenesis,” as described by Cunningham and Wells (Science, 244:1081-1085 (1989)). Here, a residue or group of target residues are identified (e.g., charged residues such as arg, asp, his, lys, and glu) and replaced by a neutral or negatively charged amino acid (typically alanine) to affect the interaction of the amino acids with IL-36R antigen. Those amino acid locations demonstrating functional sensitivity to the substitutions then are refined by introducing further or other variants at, or for, the sites of substitution. Thus, while the site for introducing an amino acid sequence variation is predetermined, the nature of the mutation per se need not be predetermined. For example, to analyze the performance of a mutation at a given site, alanine scanning or random mutagenesis is conducted at the target codon or region and the expressed anti-IL-36R antibody variants are screened for the desired activity.

Amino acid sequence insertions include amino- and/or carboxyl-terminal fusions ranging in length from one residue to polypeptides containing a hundred or more residues, as well as intrasequence insertions of single or multiple amino acid residues. Examples of terminal insertions include an anti-IL-36R antibody fused to an epitope tag. Other insertional variants of the anti-IL-36R antibody molecule include a fusion to the N- or C-terminus of the anti-IL-36R antibody of an enzyme or a polypeptide which increases the serum half-life of the antibody.

Another type of variant is an amino acid substitution variant. These variants have at least one amino acid residue in the anti-IL-36R antibody molecule removed and a different residue inserted in its place. The sites of greatest interest for substitutional mutagenesis include the hypervariable regions, but FR alterations are also contemplated. Conservative substitutions are shown in Table C under the heading of “preferred substitutions”. If such substitutions result in a change in biological activity, then more substantial changes, denominated “exemplary substitutions”, or as further described below in reference to amino acid classes, may be introduced and the products screened.

TABLE C Original Preferred Residue Exemplary Substitutions Substitutions Ala (A) val; leu; ile val Arg (R) lys; gln; asn lys Asn (N) gln; his; asp, lys; arg gln Asp (D) glu; asn glu Cys (C) ser; ala ser Gln (Q) asn; glu asn Glu (E) asp; gln asp Gly (G) ala ala His (H) arg; asn; gln; lys; arg Ile (I) leu; val; met; ala; phe; norleucine leu Leu (L) ile; norleucine; val; met; ala; phe ile Lys (K) arg; gln; asn arg Met (M) leu; phe; ile leu Phe (F) tyr; leu; val; ile; ala; tyr Pro (P) ala ala Ser (S) thr thr Thr (T) ser ser Trp (W) tyr; phe tyr Tyr (Y) phe; trp; thr; ser phe Val (V) leu; ile; met; phe ala; norleucine; leu

In protein chemistry, it is generally accepted that the biological properties of the antibody can be accomplished by selecting substitutions that differ significantly in their effect on maintaining (a) the structure of the polypeptide backbone in the area of the substitution, for example, as a sheet or helical conformation, (b) the charge or hydrophobicity of the molecule at the target site, or (c) the bulk of the side chain. Naturally occurring residues are divided into groups based on common side-chain properties:

(1) hydrophobic: norleucine, met, ala, val, leu, ile; (2) neutral hydrophilic: cys, ser, thr; (3) acidic: asp, glu; (4) basic: asn, gin, his, lys, arg; (5) residues that influence chain orientation: gly, pro; and (6) aromatic: trp, tyr, phe. Non-conservative substitutions will entail exchanging a member of one of these classes for another class.

Any cysteine residue not involved in maintaining the proper conformation of the humanized or variant anti-IL-36R antibody also may be substituted, generally with serine, to improve the oxidative stability of the molecule, prevent aberrant crosslinking, or provide for established points of conjugation to a cytotoxic or cytostatic compound. Conversely, cysteine bond(s) may be added to the antibody to improve its stability (particularly where the antibody is an antibody fragment such as an Fv fragment).

A type of substitutional variant involves substituting one or more hypervariable region residues of a parent antibody (e.g., a humanized or human antibody). Generally, the resulting variant(s) selected for further development will have improved biological properties relative to the parent antibody from which they are generated. A convenient way for generating such substitutional variants is affinity maturation using phage display. Briefly, several hypervariable region sites (e.g., 6-7 sites) are mutated to generate all possible amino substitutions at each site. The antibody variants thus generated are displayed in a monovalent fashion from filamentous phage particles as fusions to the gene III product of M13 packaged within each particle. The phage-displayed variants are then screened for their biological activity (e.g., binding affinity). In order to identify candidate hypervariable region sites for modification, alanine scanning mutagenesis can be performed to identify hypervariable region residues contributing significantly to antigen binding. Alternatively, or in addition, it may be beneficial to analyze a crystal structure of the antigen-antibody complex to identify contact points between the antibody and human IL-36R. Such contact residues and neighboring residues are candidates for substitution according to the techniques elaborated herein. Once such variants are generated, the panel of variants is subjected to screening as described herein and antibodies with superior properties in one or more relevant assays may be selected for further development.

Another type of amino acid variant of the antibody alters the original glycosylation pattern of the antibody. By “altering” is meant deleting one or more carbohydrate moieties found in the antibody, and/or adding one or more glycosylation sites that are not present in the antibody.

In some embodiments, it may be desirable to modify the antibodies of the invention to add glycosylations sites. Glycosylation of antibodies is typically either N-linked or O-linked. N-linked refers to the attachment of the carbohydrate moiety to the side chain of an asparagine residue. The tripeptide sequences asparagine-X-serine and asparagine-X-threonine, where X is any amino acid except proline, are the recognition sequences for enzymatic attachment of the carbohydrate moiety to the asparagine side chain. Thus, the presence of either of these tripeptide sequences in a polypeptide creates a potential glycosylation site. O-linked glycosylation refers to the attachment of one of the sugars N-aceylgalactosamine, galactose, or xylose to a hydroxyamino acid, most commonly serine or threonine, although 5-hydroxyproline or 5-hydroxylysine may also be used. Thus, in order to glycosylate a given protein, e.g., an antibody, the amino acid sequence of the protein is engineered to contain one or more of the above-described tripeptide sequences (for N-linked glycosylation sites). The alteration may also be made by the addition of, or substitution by, one or more serine or threonine residues to the sequence of the original antibody (for O-linked glycosylation sites).

Nucleic acid molecules encoding amino acid sequence variants of the anti-IL-36R antibody are prepared by a variety of methods known in the art. These methods include, but are not limited to, isolation from a natural source (in the case of naturally occurring amino acid sequence variants) or preparation by oligonucleotide-mediated (or site-directed) mutagenesis, PCR mutagenesis, and cassette mutagenesis of an earlier prepared variant or a non-variant version of the anti-IL-36R antibody.

Polynucleotides, Vectors, Host Cells, and Recombinant Methods

Other embodiments encompass isolated polynucleotides that comprise a sequence encoding a humanized anti-IL-36R antibody, vectors, and host cells comprising the polynucleotides, and recombinant techniques for production of the humanized antibody. The isolated polynucleotides can encode any desired form of the anti-IL-36R antibody including, for example, full length monoclonal antibodies, Fab, Fab′, F(ab′)₂, and Fv fragments, diabodies, linear antibodies, single-chain antibody molecules, and multispecific antibodies formed from antibody fragments.

Some embodiments include isolated polynucleotides comprising sequences that encode the light chain variable region of an antibody or antibody fragment having the amino acid sequence of any of SEQ ID NO: SEQ ID NO:1-10. Some embodiments include isolated polynucleotides comprising sequences that encode the heavy chain variable region of an antibody or antibody fragment having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:11-20.

Some embodiments include isolated polynucleotides comprising sequences that encode the light chain variable region of an antibody or antibody fragment having the amino acid sequence of any of SEQ ID NO:76-86. Some embodiments include isolated polynucleotides comprising sequences that encode the heavy chain variable region of an antibody or antibody fragment having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 87-101.

Some embodiments include isolated polynucleotides comprising sequences that encode the light chain of an antibody having the amino acid sequence of any of SEQ ID NO:114-124. Some embodiments include isolated polynucleotides comprising sequences that encode the heavy chain of an antibody having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:125-139.

In one aspect, the isolated polynucleotide sequence(s) encodes an antibody or antibody fragment having a light chain and a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequences of SEQ ID NO:115 and SEQ ID NO:127, respectively; SEQ ID NO:118 and SEQ ID NO:126, respectively; SEQ ID NO:118 and SEQ ID NO:127, respectively; SEQ ID NO:115 and SEQ ID NO:125, respectively; SEQ ID NO:115 and SEQ ID NO:126, respectively; SEQ ID NO:118 and SEQ ID NO:125, respectively; SEQ ID NO:124 and SEQ ID NO:138, respectively; SEQ ID NO:123 and SEQ ID NO:139, respectively; SEQ ID NO:123 and SEQ ID NO:138, respectively.

The polynucleotide(s) that comprise a sequence encoding a humanized anti-IL-36R antibody or a fragment or chain thereof can be fused to one or more regulatory or control sequence, as known in the art, and can be contained in suitable expression vectors or host cell as known in the art. Each of the polynucleotide molecules encoding the heavy or light chain variable domains can be independently fused to a polynucleotide sequence encoding a constant domain, such as a human constant domain, enabling the production of intact antibodies. Alternatively, polynucleotides, or portions thereof, can be fused together, providing a template for production of a single chain antibody.

For recombinant production, a polynucleotide encoding the antibody is inserted into a replicable vector for cloning (amplification of the DNA) or for expression. Many suitable vectors for expressing the recombinant antibody are available. The vector components generally include, but are not limited to, one or more of the following: a signal sequence, an origin of replication, one or more marker genes, an enhancer element, a promoter, and a transcription termination sequence.

The humanized anti-IL-36R antibodies can also be produced as fusion polypeptides, in which the antibody is fused with a heterologous polypeptide, such as a signal sequence or other polypeptide having a specific cleavage site at the amino terminus of the mature protein or polypeptide. The heterologous signal sequence selected is typically one that is recognized and processed (i.e., cleaved by a signal peptidase) by the host cell. For prokaryotic host cells that do not recognize and process the humanized anti-IL-36R antibody signal sequence, the signal sequence can be substituted by a prokaryotic signal sequence. The signal sequence can be, for example, alkaline phosphatase, penicillinase, lipoprotein, heat-stable enterotoxin II leaders, and the like. For yeast secretion, the native signal sequence can be substituted, for example, with a leader sequence obtained from yeast invertase alpha-factor (including Saccharomyces and Kluyveromyces a-factor leaders), acid phosphatase, C. albicans glucoamylase, or the signal described in WO90/13646. In mammalian cells, mammalian signal sequences as well as viral secretory leaders, for example, the herpes simplex gD signal, can be used. The DNA for such precursor region is ligated in reading frame to DNA encoding the humanized anti-IL-36R antibody.

Expression and cloning vectors contain a nucleic acid sequence that enables the vector to replicate in one or more selected host cells. Generally, in cloning vectors this sequence is one that enables the vector to replicate independently of the host chromosomal DNA, and includes origins of replication or autonomously replicating sequences. Such sequences are well known for a variety of bacteria, yeast, and viruses. The origin of replication from the plasmid pBR322 is suitable for most Gram-negative bacteria, the 2-u. plasmid origin is suitable for yeast, and various viral origins (SV40, polyoma, adenovirus, VSV, and BPV) are useful for cloning vectors in mammalian cells. Generally, the origin of replication component is not needed for mammalian expression vectors (the SV40 origin may typically be used only because it contains the early promoter).

Expression and cloning vectors may contain a gene that encodes a selectable marker to facilitate identification of expression. Typical selectable marker genes encode proteins that confer resistance to antibiotics or other toxins, e.g., ampicillin, neomycin, methotrexate, or tetracycline, or alternatively, are complement auxotrophic deficiencies, or in other alternatives supply specific nutrients that are not present in complex media, e.g., the gene encoding D-alanine racemase for Bacilli.

One example of a selection scheme utilizes a drug to arrest growth of a host cell. Those cells that are successfully transformed with a heterologous gene produce a protein conferring drug resistance and thus survive the selection regimen. Examples of such dominant selection use the drugs neomycin, mycophenolic acid, and hygromycin. Common selectable markers for mammalian cells are those that enable the identification of cells competent to take up a nucleic acid encoding a humanized anti-IL-36R antibody, such as DHFR (dihydrofolate reductase), thymidine kinase, metallothionein-I and -II (such as primate metallothionein genes), adenosine deaminase, ornithine decarboxylase, and the like. Cells transformed with the DHFR selection gene are first identified by culturing all of the transformants in a culture medium that contains methotrexate (Mtx), a competitive antagonist of DHFR. An appropriate host cell when wild-type DHFR is employed is the Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line deficient in DHFR activity (e.g., DG44).

Alternatively, host cells (particularly wild-type hosts that contain endogenous DHFR) transformed or co-transformed with DNA sequences encoding anti-IL-36R antibody, wild-type DHFR protein, and another selectable marker such as aminoglycoside 3′-phosphotransferase (APH), can be selected by cell growth in medium containing a selection agent for the selectable marker such as an aminoglycosidic antibiotic, e.g., kanamycin, neomycin, or G418. See, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 4,965,199.

Where the recombinant production is performed in a yeast cell as a host cell, the TRP1 gene present in the yeast plasmid YRp7 (Stinchcomb et al., 1979, Nature 282: 39) can be used as a selectable marker. The TRP1 gene provides a selection marker for a mutant strain of yeast lacking the ability to grow in tryptophan, for example, ATCC No. 44076 or PEP4-1 (Jones, 1977, Genetics 85:12). The presence of the trp1 lesion in the yeast host cell genome then provides an effective environment for detecting transformation by growth in the absence of tryptophan. Similarly, Leu2p-deficient yeast strains such as ATCC 20,622 and 38,626 are complemented by known plasmids bearing the LEU2 gene.

In addition, vectors derived from the 1.6 μm circular plasmid pKD1 can be used for transformation of Kluyveromyces yeasts. Alternatively, an expression system for large-scale production of recombinant calf chymosin was reported for K. lactis (Van den Berg, 1990, Bio/Technology 8:135). Stable multi-copy expression vectors for secretion of mature recombinant human serum albumin by industrial strains of Kluyveromyces have also been disclosed (Fleer et al., 1991, Bio/Technology 9:968-975).

Expression and cloning vectors usually contain a promoter that is recognized by the host organism and is operably linked to the nucleic acid molecule encoding an anti-IL-36R antibody or polypeptide chain thereof. Promoters suitable for use with prokaryotic hosts include phoA promoter, P3-lactamase and lactose promoter systems, alkaline phosphatase, tryptophan (trp) promoter system, and hybrid promoters such as the tac promoter. Other known bacterial promoters are also suitable. Promoters for use in bacterial systems also will contain a Shine-Dalgarno (S.D.) sequence operably linked to the DNA encoding the humanized anti-IL-36R antibody.

Many eukaryotic promoter sequences are known. Virtually all eukaryotic genes have an AT-rich region located approximately 25 to 30 bases upstream from the site where transcription is initiated. Another sequence found 70 to 80 bases upstream from the start of transcription of many genes is a CNCAAT region where N may be any nucleotide. At the 3′ end of most eukaryotic genes is an AATAAA sequence that may be the signal for addition of the poly A tail to the 3′ end of the coding sequence. All of these sequences are suitably inserted into eukaryotic expression vectors.

Examples of suitable promoting sequences for use with yeast hosts include the promoters for 3-phosphoglycerate kinase or other glycolytic enzymes, such as enolase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, hexokinase, pyruvate decarboxylase, phosphofructokinase, glucose-6-phosphate isomerase, 3-phosphoglycerate mutase, pyruvate kinase, triosephosphate isomerase, phosphoglucose isomerase, and glucokinase.

Inducible promoters have the additional advantage of transcription controlled by growth conditions. These include yeast promoter regions for alcohol dehydrogenase 2, isocytochrome C, acid phosphatase, derivative enzymes associated with nitrogen metabolism, metallothionein, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and enzymes responsible for maltose and galactose utilization. Suitable vectors and promoters for use in yeast expression are further described in EP 73,657. Yeast enhancers also are advantageously used with yeast promoters.

Humanized anti-IL-36R antibody transcription from vectors in mammalian host cells is controlled, for example, by promoters obtained from the genomes of viruses such as polyoma virus, fowlpox virus, adenovirus (such as Adenovirus 2), bovine papilloma virus, avian sarcoma virus, cytomegalovirus, a retrovirus, hepatitis-B virus and Simian Virus 40 (SV40), from heterologous mammalian promoters, e.g., the actin promoter or an immunoglobulin promoter, or from heat-shock promoters, provided such promoters are compatible with the host cell systems.

The early and late promoters of the SV40 virus are conveniently obtained as an SV40 restriction fragment that also contains the SV40 viral origin of replication. The immediate early promoter of the human cytomegalovirus is conveniently obtained as a HindIII E restriction fragment. A system for expressing DNA in mammalian hosts using the bovine papilloma virus as a vector is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,419,446. A modification of this system is described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,601,978. See also Reyes et al., 1982, Nature 297:598-601, disclosing expression of human p-interferon cDNA in mouse cells under the control of a thymidine kinase promoter from herpes simplex virus. Alternatively, the Rous sarcoma virus long terminal repeat can be used as the promoter.

Another useful element that can be used in a recombinant expression vector is an enhancer sequence, which is used to increase the transcription of a DNA encoding a humanized anti-IL-36R antibody by higher eukaryotes. Many enhancer sequences are now known from mammalian genes (e.g., globin, elastase, albumin, α-fetoprotein, and insulin). Typically, however, an enhancer from a eukaryotic cell virus is used. Examples include the SV40 enhancer on the late side of the replication origin (bp 100-270), the cytomegalovirus early promoter enhancer, the polyoma enhancer on the late side of the replication origin, and adenovirus enhancers. See also Yaniv, 1982, Nature 297:17-18 for a description of enhancing elements for activation of eukaryotic promoters. The enhancer may be spliced into the vector at a position 5′ or 3′ to the humanized anti-IL-36R antibody-encoding sequence, but is preferably located at a site 5′ from the promoter.

Expression vectors used in eukaryotic host cells (yeast, fungi, insect, plant, animal, human, or nucleated cells from other multicellular organisms) can also contain sequences necessary for the termination of transcription and for stabilizing the mRNA. Such sequences are commonly available from the 5′ and, occasionally 3′, untranslated regions of eukaryotic or viral DNAs or cDNAs. These regions contain nucleotide segments transcribed as polyadenylated fragments in the untranslated portion of the mRNA encoding anti-IL-36R antibody. One useful transcription termination component is the bovine growth hormone polyadenylation region. See WO94/11026 and the expression vector disclosed therein. In some embodiments, humanized anti-IL-36R antibodies can be expressed using the CHEF system. (See, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 5,888,809; the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein.)

Suitable host cells for cloning or expressing the DNA in the vectors herein are the prokaryote, yeast, or higher eukaryote cells described above. Suitable prokaryotes for this purpose include eubacteria, such as Gram-negative or Gram-positive organisms, for example, Enterobacteriaceae such as Escherichia, e.g., E. coli, Enterobacter, Erwinia, Klebsiella, Proteus, Salmonella, e.g., Salmonella typhimurium, Serratia, e.g., Serratia marcescans, and Shigella, as well as Bacilli such as B. subtilis and B. licheniformis (e.g., B. licheniformis 41 P disclosed in DD 266,710 published Apr. 12, 1989), Pseudomonas such as P. aeruginosa, and Streptomyces. One preferred E. coli cloning host is E. coli 294 (ATCC 31,446), although other strains such as E. coli B, E. coli X1776 (ATCC 31,537), and E. coli W3110 (ATCC 27,325) are suitable. These examples are illustrative rather than limiting.

In addition to prokaryotes, eukaryotic microbes such as filamentous fungi or yeast are suitable cloning or expression hosts for humanized anti-IL-36Rantibody-encoding vectors. Saccharomyces cerevisiae, or common baker's yeast, is the most commonly used among lower eukaryotic host microorganisms. However, a number of other genera, species, and strains are commonly available and useful herein, such as Schizosaccharomyces pombe; Kluyveromyces hosts such as, e.g., K. lactis, K. fragilis (ATCC 12,424), K. bulgaricus (ATCC 16,045), K. wickeramii (ATCC 24,178), K. waltii (ATCC 56,500), K. drosophilarum (ATCC 36,906), K. thermotolerans, and K. marxianus; yarrowia (EP 402,226); Pichia pastors (EP 183,070); Candida; Trichoderma reesia (EP 244,234); Neurospora crassa; Schwanniomyces such as Schwanniomyces occidentalis; and filamentous fungi such as, e.g., Neurospora, Penicillium, Tolypocladium, and Aspergillus hosts such as A. nidulans and A. niger.

Suitable host cells for the expression of glycosylated humanized anti-IL-36R antibody are derived from multicellular organisms. Examples of invertebrate cells include plant and insect cells, including, e.g., numerous baculoviral strains and variants and corresponding permissive insect host cells from hosts such as Spodoptera frugiperda (caterpillar), Aedes aegypti (mosquito), Aedes albopictus (mosquito), Drosophila melanogaster (fruitfly), and Bombyx mori (silk worm). A variety of viral strains for transfection are publicly available, e.g., the L-1 variant of Autographa californica NPV and the Bm-5 strain of Bombyx mori NPV, and such viruses may be used, particularly for transfection of Spodoptera frugiperda cells.

Plant cell cultures of cotton, corn, potato, soybean, petunia, tomato, and tobacco can also be utilized as hosts.

In another aspect, expression of humanized anti-IL-36R is carried out in vertebrate cells. The propagation of vertebrate cells in culture (tissue culture) has become routine procedure and techniques are widely available. Examples of useful mammalian host cell lines are monkey kidney CV1 line transformed by SV40 (COS-7, ATCC CRL 1651), human embryonic kidney line (293 or 293 cells subcloned for growth in suspension culture, (Graham et al., 1977, J. Gen Virol. 36: 59), baby hamster kidney cells (BHK, ATCC CCL 10), Chinese hamster ovary cells/-DHFR1 (CHO, Urlaub et al., 1980, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 77: 4216; e.g., DG44), mouse sertoli cells (TM4, Mather, 1980, Biol. Reprod. 23:243-251), monkey kidney cells (CV1 ATCC CCL 70), African green monkey kidney cells (VERO-76, ATCC CRL-1587), human cervical carcinoma cells (HELA, ATCC CCL 2), canine kidney cells (MDCK, ATCC CCL 34), buffalo rat liver cells (BRL 3A, ATCC CRL 1442), human lung cells (W138, ATCC CCL 75), human liver cells (Hep G2, HB 8065), mouse mammary tumor (MMT 060562, ATCC CCL51), TR1 cells (Mather et al., 1982, Annals N.Y. Acad. Sci. 383: 44-68), MRC 5 cells, FS4 cells, and human hepatoma line (Hep G2).

Host cells are transformed with the above-described expression or cloning vectors for humanized anti-IL-36R antibody production and cultured in conventional nutrient media modified as appropriate for inducing promoters, selecting transformants, or amplifying the genes encoding the desired sequences.

The host cells used to produce a humanized anti-IL-36R antibody described herein may be cultured in a variety of media. Commercially available media such as Ham's F10 (Sigma-Aldrich Co., St. Louis, Mo.), Minimal Essential Medium ((MEM), (Sigma-Aldrich Co.), RPMI-1640 (Sigma-Aldrich Co.), and Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium ((DMEM), Sigma-Aldrich Co.) are suitable for culturing the host cells. In addition, any of the media described in one or more of Ham et al., 1979, Meth. Enz. 58: 44, Barnes et al., 1980, Anal. Biochem. 102: 255, U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,767,704, 4,657,866, 4,927,762, 4,560,655, 5,122,469, WO 90/103430, and WO 87/00195 may be used as culture media for the host cells.

Any of these media may be supplemented as necessary with hormones and/or other growth factors (such as insulin, transferrin, or epidermal growth factor), salts (such as sodium chloride, calcium, magnesium, and phosphate), buffers (such as HEPES), nucleotides (such as adenosine and thymidine), antibiotics (such as gentamicin), trace elements (defined as inorganic compounds usually present at final concentrations in the micromolar range), and glucose or an equivalent energy source. Other supplements may also be included at appropriate concentrations that would be known to those skilled in the art. The culture conditions, such as temperature, pH, and the like, are those previously used with the host cell selected for expression, and will be apparent to the ordinarily skilled artisan.

When using recombinant techniques, the antibody can be produced intracellularly, in the periplasmic space, or directly secreted into the medium. If the antibody is produced intracellularly, the cells may be disrupted to release protein as a first step. Particulate debris, either host cells or lysed fragments, can be removed, for example, by centrifugation or ultrafiltration. Carter et al., 1992, Bio/Technology 10:163-167 describes a procedure for isolating antibodies that are secreted to the periplasmic space of E. coli. Briefly, cell paste is thawed in the presence of sodium acetate (pH 3.5), EDTA, and phenylmethylsulfonylfluoride (PMSF) over about 30 minutes. Cell debris can be removed by centrifugation. Where the antibody is secreted into the medium, supernatants from such expression systems are generally first concentrated using a commercially available protein concentration filter, for example, an Amicon or Millipore Pellicon ultrafiltration unit. A protease inhibitor such as PMSF may be included in any of the foregoing steps to inhibit proteolysis and antibiotics may be included to prevent the growth of adventitious contaminants. A variety of methods can be used to isolate the antibody from the host cell.

The antibody composition prepared from the cells can be purified using, for example, hydroxylapatite chromatography, gel electrophoresis, dialysis, and affinity chromatography, with affinity chromatography being a typical purification technique. The suitability of protein A as an affinity ligand depends on the species and isotype of any immunoglobulin Fc domain that is present in the antibody. Protein A can be used to purify antibodies that are based on human gamma1, gamma2, or gamma4 heavy chains (see, e.g., Lindmark et al., 1983 J. Immunol. Meth. 62:1-13). Protein G is recommended for all mouse isotypes and for human gamma3 (see, e.g., Guss et al., 1986 EMBO J. 5:1567-1575). A matrix to which an affinity ligand is attached is most often agarose, but other matrices are available. Mechanically stable matrices such as controlled pore glass or poly(styrenedivinyl)benzene allow for faster flow rates and shorter processing times than can be achieved with agarose. Where the antibody comprises a C_(H3) domain, the Bakerbond ABX™ resin (J. T. Baker, Phillipsburg, N.J.) is useful for purification. Other techniques for protein purification such as fractionation on an ion-exchange column, ethanol precipitation, reverse phase HPLC, chromatography on silica, chromatography on heparin SEPHAROSE™ chromatography on an anion or cation exchange resin (such as a polyaspartic acid column), chromatofocusing, SDS-PAGE, and ammonium sulfate precipitation are also available depending on the antibody to be recovered.

Following any preliminary purification step(s), the mixture comprising the antibody of interest and contaminants may be subjected to low pH hydrophobic interaction chromatography using an elution buffer at a pH between about 2.5-4.5, typically performed at low salt concentrations (e.g., from about 0-0.25M salt).

Also included are nucleic acids that hybridize under low, moderate, and high stringency conditions, as defined herein, to all or a portion (e.g., the portion encoding the variable region) of the nucleotide sequence represented by isolated polynucleotide sequence(s) that encode an antibody or antibody fragment of the present invention. The hybridizing portion of the hybridizing nucleic acid is typically at least 15 (e.g., 20, 25, 30 or 50) nucleotides in length. The hybridizing portion of the hybridizing nucleic acid is at least 80%, e.g., at least 90%, at least 95%, or at least 98%, identical to the sequence of a portion or all of a nucleic acid encoding an anti-IL-36R polypeptide (e.g., a heavy chain or light chain variable region), or its complement. Hybridizing nucleic acids of the type described herein can be used, for example, as a cloning probe, a primer, e.g., a PCR primer, or a diagnostic probe.

Therapeutic Uses

In another embodiment, a humanized anti-IL-36R antibody disclosed herein is useful in the treatment of various disorders associated with the expression of IL-36R as described herein. Methods for treating an IL-36R associated disorder comprise administering a therapeutically effective amount of a humanized anti-IL-36R antibody to a subject in need thereof.

The humanized anti-IL-36R antibody or agent is administered by any suitable means, including parenteral, subcutaneous, intrapulmonary, and intranasal, and, if desired for local immunosuppressive treatment, intralesional administration (including perfusing or otherwise contacting the graft with the antibody before transplantation). The humanized anti-IL-36R antibody or agent can be administered, for example, as an infusion or as a bolus. Parenteral infusions include intramuscular, intravenous, intraarterial, or subcutaneous administration. In addition, the humanized anti-IL-36R antibody is suitably administered by pulse infusion, particularly with declining doses of the antibody. In one aspect, the dosing is given by injections, most preferably intravenous or subcutaneous injections, depending in part on whether the administration is brief or chronic.

For the prevention or treatment of disease, the appropriate dosage of antibody will depend on a variety of factors such as the type of disease to be treated, as defined above, the severity and course of the disease, whether the antibody is administered for preventive or therapeutic purposes, previous therapy, the patient's clinical history and response to the antibody, and the discretion of the attending physician. The antibody is suitably administered to the patient at one time or over a series of treatments.

Depending on the type and severity of the disease, about 1 μg/kg to 20 mg/kg (e.g., 0.1-15 mg/kg) of antibody is an initial candidate dosage for administration to the patient, whether, for example, by one or more separate administrations, or by continuous infusion. A typical daily dosage might range from about 1 μg/kg to 100 mg/kg or more, depending on the factors mentioned above. For repeated administrations over several days or longer, depending on the condition, the treatment is sustained until a desired suppression of disease symptoms occurs. However, other dosage regimens may be useful. The progress of this therapy is easily monitored by conventional techniques and assays. An exemplary dosing regimen is that disclosed in WO 94/04188.

The term “suppression” is used herein in the same context as “amelioration” and “alleviation” to mean a lessening of one or more characteristics of the disease.

The antibody composition will be formulated, dosed, and administered in a fashion consistent with good medical practice. Factors for consideration in this context include the particular disorder being treated, the particular mammal being treated, the clinical condition of the individual patient, the cause of the disorder, the site of delivery of the agent, the method of administration, the scheduling of administration, and other factors known to medical practitioners. The “therapeutically effective amount” of the antibody to be administered will be governed by such considerations, and is the minimum amount necessary to prevent, ameliorate, or treat the disorder associated with IL-36R expression.

The antibody need not be, but is optionally, formulated with one or more agents currently used to prevent or treat the disorder in question. The effective amount of such other agents depends on the amount of humanized anti-IL-36R23p19 antibody present in the formulation, the type of disorder or treatment, and other factors discussed above. These are generally used in the same dosages and with administration routes as used hereinbefore or about from 1 to 99% of the heretofore employed dosages.

Treatment with the Antibody Formulation

In one embodiment, the invention provides a method of treating a disease or disorder in a subject comprising administering the formulation described herein to a subject in an amount effective to treat the disease or disorder.

The antibody formulations of the present invention are useful in methods for the treatment of various diseases or disorders, for example immunological, inflammatory, autoimmune diseases and respiratory diseases in humans. For example, the antibody formulations of the present invention are useful in methods for the treatment of psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease or psoriatic arthritis. For example, the antibody formulations of the present invention are useful in methods for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD) or asthma. For example, the antibody formulations of the present invention are useful in methods for the treatment of scleroderma, palmoplantar pustulosis, generalized pustular psoriasis, diabetic nephropathy, lupus nephritis, scleroderma, ankylosing spondylitis, deficiency in the IL-36 receptor antagonist autoimmune disease (DITRA), deficiency in the IL-1 receptor antagonist autoimmune disease (DIRA) or cryopyrin associated periodic syndromes (CAPS).

A formulation comprising an IL-36R binding agent (e.g., an anti-IL-36R antibody) can be administered to a subject having or at risk of having an immunological disorder, respiratory disorder or a cancer. The invention further provides for the use of a IL-36R binding agent (e.g., an anti-IL-36R antibody) in the manufacture of a medicament for prevention or treatment of a cancer, respiratory disorder or immunological disorder. The term “subject” as used herein means any mammalian patient to which an IL-36Rbinding agent can be administered, including, e.g., humans and non-human mammals, such as primates, rodents, and dogs. Subjects specifically intended for treatment using the methods described herein include humans. The antibodies or agents can be administered either alone or in combination with other compositions in the prevention or treatment of the immunological disorder, respiratory disorder or cancer. Such compositions which can be administered in combination with the antibodies or agents include methotrexate (MTX) and immunomodulators, e.g. antibodies or small molecules.

In one aspect, the present invention relates to a method of treating a disease or condition (such as those listed above) in a subject, the method includes administering to the subject a therapeutic amount of a stable pharmaceutical formulation comprising from about 20 mg/mL to about 150 mg/mL of an anti-IL-36R antibody, about 20 mM to about 80 mM of a pharmaceutically acceptable buffer (e.g., acetate buffer), about 100 mM to about 250 mM of a pharmaceutically acceptable tonicifying agent (e.g., sucrose), about 0 mM to about 80 mM of a pharmaceutically acceptable stabilizing agent (e.g., arginine) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, about 0 to about 150 mM of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt (e.g., sodium chloride), and a pharmaceutically acceptable surfactant (e.g., polysorbate 20) in an amount about 0.1 g/L to about 1.5 g/L, wherein the disease or condition is treated. In a related embodiment, the stable pharmaceutical formulation is an aqueous pharmaceutical formulation. In a related embodiment, the pH of the aqueous pharmaceutical formulation is about 5 to about 7. In a related embodiment, the pharmaceutical formulation is for an intravenous administration to the subject. In a related embodiment, the pharmaceutical formulation is for a subcutaneous administration to the subject. In a related embodiment, the pharmaceutical formulation for the intravenous administration comprises an anti-IL-36R antibody in an amount of about 60 mg/mL. In a related embodiment, the pharmaceutical formulation for a subcutaneous administration comprises an anti-IL-36R antibody in an amount of about 150 mg/mL. In a related embodiment, the anti-IL-36R antibody comprising: (i) a light chain comprising an amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:118 and a heavy chain comprising an amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:125; or (ii) a light chain comprising an amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:118 and a heavy chain comprising an amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:126; or (iii) a light chain comprising an amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:118 and a heavy chain comprising an amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:127. In a related embodiment, the anti-IL-36R antibody comprising: a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 77; and a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 87; or a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 77; and a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 88; or a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 77; and a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 89; or a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 80; and a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 87; or a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 80; and a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 88; or a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 80; and a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 89.

In one embodiment, the method of treatment according to any of the preceding aspects, comprises administering to the subject a therapeutic amount of a stable pharmaceutical formulation selected from the group consisting of consisting of:

-   I. formulation comprising about 20 mg/mL to about 150 mg/mL of the     anti-IL-36R antibody, about 40 mM histidine, about 120 mM sucrose,     about 50 mM L-Arginine, about 5 mM NaCl and about 1.0 g/L     Polysorbate 20, with a pH of about 6.0; -   II. formulation comprising about 20 mg/mL to about 150 mg/mL of the     anti-IL-36R antibody, about 45 mM acetate, about 150 mM sucrose,     about 25 mM L-Arginine, about 0.4 g/L Polysorbate 20, with a pH of     about 5.5; -   III. formulation comprising about 20 mg/mL to about 150 mg/mL of the     anti-IL-36R antibody, about 45 mM acetate, about 180 mM sucrose,     about 25 mM Glycine, about 0.4 g/L Polysorbate 80, with a pH of     about 5.5; -   IV. formulation comprising about 20 mg/mL to about 150 mg/mL of the     anti-IL-36R antibody, about 25 mM citrate, about 150 mM trehalose,     about 25 mM methionine, about 0.2 g/L Polysorbate 20, with a pH of     about 6.0; -   V. formulation comprising about 20 mg/mL to about 150 mg/mL of the     anti-IL-36R antibody, about 25 mM histidine, about 160 mM sucrose,     about 20 mM mannitol, about 0.2 g/L Polysorbate 20, with a pH of     about 6.0; -   VI. formulation comprising about 20 mg/mL to about 150 mg/mL of the     anti-IL-36R antibody, about 25 mM citrate, about 200 mM sucrose,     about 0.4 g/L Polysorbate 80, with a pH of about 6.5; -   VII. formulation comprising about 20 mg/mL to about 150 mg/mL of the     anti-IL-36R antibody, about 45 mM acetate, about 150 mM sucrose,     about 25 mM L-Arginine, about 0.4 g/L Polysorbate 20, with a pH of     about 5.5; -   VIII. formulation comprising about 20 mg/mL to about 150 mg/mL of     the anti-IL-36R antibody, about 35 mM histidine, about 180 mM     trehalose, about 25 mM L-Arginine, about 3 mM NaCl, about 0.4 g/L     Polysorbate 80, with a pH of about 6.0; -   IX. formulation comprising about 20 mg/mL to about 150 mg/mL of the     anti-IL-36R antibody, about 25 mM acetate, about 100 mM mannitol,     about 50 mM NaCl, about 0.2 g/L Polysorbate 20, with a pH of about     5.5; and -   X. formulation comprising about 20 mg/mL to about 150 mg/mL of the     anti-IL-36R antibody, about 20 mM succinate, about 220 mM sucrose,     about 0.1 g/L Polysorbate 80, with a pH of about 6.0,     wherein the disease or condition is treated. In a related     embodiment, the stable pharmaceutical formulation is an aqueous     pharmaceutical formulation. In a related embodiment, the     pharmaceutical formulation is for an intravenous administration to     the subject. In a related embodiment, the pharmaceutical formulation     is for a subcutaneous administration to the subject. In a related     embodiment, the pharmaceutical formulation for an intravenous     administration comprises an anti-IL-36R antibody in an amount of     about 60 mg/mL. In a related embodiment, the pharmaceutical     formulation for a subcutaneous administration comprises an     anti-IL-36R antibody in an amount of about 150 mg/mL. In a related     embodiment, the anti-IL-36R antibody comprising: (i) a light chain     comprising an amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:118 and a     heavy chain comprising an amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID     NO:125; or (ii) a light chain comprising an amino acid sequence set     forth as SEQ ID NO:118 and a heavy chain comprising an amino acid     sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:126; or (iii) a light chain     comprising an amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:118 and a     heavy chain comprising an amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID     NO:127. In a related embodiment, the anti-IL-36R antibody     comprising: a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid     sequence of SEQ ID NO: 77; and a heavy chain variable region     comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 87; or a light     chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID     NO: 77; and a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid     sequence of SEQ ID NO: 88; or a light chain variable region     comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 77; and a heavy     chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID     NO: 89; or a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid     sequence of SEQ ID NO: 80; and a heavy chain variable region     comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 87; or a light     chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID     NO: 80; and a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid     sequence of SEQ ID NO: 88; or a light chain variable region     comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 80; and a heavy     chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID     NO: 89.

In one embodiment, the method of treatment according to any of the preceding aspects, comprises administering to the subject a therapeutic amount of a stable pharmaceutical formulation selected from the group consisting of consisting of:

-   -   I. formulation comprising about 20 mg/mL of the anti-IL-36R         antibody, about 40 mM histidine, about 120 mM sucrose, about 50         mM L-Arginine, about 5 mM NaCl and about 1.0 g/L Polysorbate 20,         with a pH of about 6.0;     -   II. formulation comprising about 60 mg/mL of the anti-IL-36R         antibody, about 45 mM acetate, about 150 mM sucrose, about 25 mM         L-Arginine, about 0.4 g/L Polysorbate 20, with a pH of about         5.5;     -   III. formulation comprising about 20 mg/mL of the anti-IL-36R         antibody, about 45 mM acetate, about 180 mM sucrose, about 25 mM         Glycine, about 0.4 g/L Polysorbate 80, with a pH of about 5.5;     -   IV. formulation comprising about 150 mg/mL of the anti-IL-36R         antibody, about 25 mM citrate, about 150 mM trehalose, about 25         mM methionine, about 0.2 g/L Polysorbate 20, with a pH of about         6.0;     -   V. formulation comprising about 60 mg/mL of the anti-IL-36R         antibody, about 25 mM histidine, about 160 mM sucrose, about 20         mM mannitol, about 0.2 g/L Polysorbate 20, with a pH of about         6.0;     -   VI. formulation comprising about 20 mg/mL of the anti-IL-36R         antibody, about 25 mM citrate, about 200 mM sucrose, about 0.4         g/L Polysorbate 80, with a pH of about 6.5;     -   VII. formulation comprising about 150 mg/mL of the anti-IL-36R         antibody, about 45 mM acetate, about 150 mM sucrose, about 25 mM         L-Arginine, about 0.4 g/L Polysorbate 20, with a pH of about         5.5;     -   VIII. formulation comprising about 15 mg/mL of the anti-IL-36R         antibody, about 35 mM histidine, about 180 mM trehalose, about         25 mM L-Arginine, about 3 mM NaCl, about 0.4 g/L Polysorbate 80,         with a pH of about 6.0;     -   IX. formulation comprising about 80 mg/mL of the anti-IL-36R         antibody, about 25 mM acetate, about 100 mM mannitol, about 50         mM NaCl, about 0.2 g/L Polysorbate 20, with a pH of about 5.5;         and     -   X. formulation comprising about 100 mg/mL of the anti-IL-36R         antibody, about 20 mM succinate, about 220 mM sucrose, about 0.1         g/L Polysorbate 80, with a pH of about 6.0,     -   wherein the disease or condition is treated. In a related         embodiment, the stable pharmaceutical formulation is an aqueous         pharmaceutical formulation. In a related embodiment, the         pharmaceutical formulation is for an intravenous administration         to the subject. In a related embodiment, the pharmaceutical         formulation is for a subcutaneous administration to the subject.         In a related embodiment, the pharmaceutical formulation for an         intravenous administration comprises an anti-IL-36R antibody in         an amount of about 60 mg/mL. In a related embodiment, the         pharmaceutical formulation for a subcutaneous administration         comprises an anti-IL-36R antibody in an amount of about 150         mg/mL. In a related embodiment, the anti-IL-36R antibody         comprising: (i) a light chain comprising an amino acid sequence         set forth as SEQ ID NO:118 and a heavy chain comprising an amino         acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:125; or (ii) a light chain         comprising an amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:118 and         a heavy chain comprising an amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ         ID NO:126; or (iii) a light chain comprising an amino acid         sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:118 and a heavy chain comprising         an amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:127. In a related         embodiment, the anti-IL-36R antibody comprising: a light chain         variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:         77; and a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid         sequence of SEQ ID NO: 87; or a light chain variable region         comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 77; and a heavy         chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ         ID NO: 88; or a light chain variable region comprising the amino         acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 77; and a heavy chain variable         region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 89; or a         light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence         of SEQ ID NO: 80; and a heavy chain variable region comprising         the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 87; or a light chain         variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:         80; and a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid         sequence of SEQ ID NO: 88; or a light chain variable region         comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 80; and a heavy         chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ         ID NO: 89.

Examples of antibodies for use in such pharmaceutical formulations are those that comprise a antibody or antibody fragment having the light chain variable region amino acid sequence of any of SEQ ID NO: 1-10. Examples of antibodies for use in such pharmaceutical compositions are also those that comprise a humanized antibody or antibody fragment having the heavy chain variable region amino acid sequence of any of SEQ ID NO: 11-20.

Further examples of antibodies for use in such pharmaceutical formulations are also those that comprise a humanized antibody or antibody fragment having the light chain variable region amino acid sequence of any of SEQ ID NO:76-86. Preferred antibodies for use in such pharmaceutical compositions are also those that comprise a humanized antibody or antibody fragment having the heavy chain variable region amino acid sequence of any of SEQ ID NO:87-101.

Further examples of antibodies for use in such pharmaceutical formulations are also those that comprise a humanized antibody or antibody fragment having the light chain variable region and heavy chain variable region of any of SEQ ID NO: 77 and 89, SEQ ID NO: 80 and 88, SEQ ID NO: 80 and 89, SEQ ID NO: 77 and 87, SEQ ID NO: 77 and 88, SEQ ID NO: 80 and 87, SEQ ID NO: 86 and 100, SEQ ID NO: 85 and 101, or SEQ ID NO: 85 and 10.

Further examples of antibodies for use in such pharmaceutical formulations are also those that comprise a humanized antibody having the light chain region amino acid sequence of any of SEQ ID NO:115, 118, 123 or 124.

Preferred antibodies for use in such pharmaceutical compositions are also those that comprise humanized antibody having the heavy chain variable region amino acid sequence of any of SEQ ID NO:125, 126, 127, 138 or 139.

Further examples of antibodies for use in such pharmaceutical formulations are also those that comprise Antibody B1, Antibody B2, Antibody B3, Antibody B4, Antibody B5, Antibody B6, Antibody C1, Antibody C2 or Antibody C3.

Various delivery systems are known and can be used to administer the IL-36R binding agent. Methods of introduction include but are not limited to intradermal, intramuscular, intravenous, subcutaneous, intranasal, epidural, and oral routes. The IL-36R binding agent can be administered, for example by infusion, bolus or injection, and can be administered together with other biologically active agents such as chemotherapeutic agents. Administration can be systemic or local. In preferred embodiments, the administration is by subcutaneous injection. Formulations for such injections may be prepared in for example prefilled syringes that may be administered once every other week.

In specific embodiments, the IL-36R binding agent formulation is administered by injection, by means of a catheter, by means of a suppository, or by means of an implant, the implant being of a porous, non-porous, or gelatinous material, comprising a membrane, such as a sialastic membrane, or a fiber. Typically, when administering the formulation, materials to which the anti-IL-36R antibody or agent does not absorb are used.

In other embodiments, the anti-IL-36R antibody or agent is delivered in a controlled release system. In one embodiment, a pump may be used (see, e.g., Langer, 1990, Science 249:1527-1533; Sefton, 1989, CRC Crit. Ref. Biomed. Eng. 14:201; Buchwald et al., 1980, Surgery 88:507; Saudek et al., 1989, N. Engl. J. Med. 321:574). In another embodiment, polymeric materials can be used. (See, e.g., Medical Applications of Controlled Release (Langer and Wise eds., CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fla., 1974); Controlled Drug Bioavailability, Drug Product Design and Performance (Smolen and Ball eds., Wiley, New York, 1984); Ranger and Peppas, 1983, Macromol. Sci. Rev. Macromol. Chem. 23:61. See also Levy et al., 1985, Science 228:190; During et al., 1989, Ann. Neurol. 25:351; Howard et al., 1989, J. Neurosurg. 71:105.) Other controlled release systems are discussed, for example, in Langer, supra.

An IL-36R binding agent (e.g., an anti-IL-36R antibody) can be administered as pharmaceutical formulations comprising a therapeutically effective amount of the binding agent and one or more pharmaceutically compatible ingredients.

Where the pharmaceutical is to be administered by infusion, it can be dispensed with an infusion bottle containing sterile pharmaceutical grade water or saline. Where the pharmaceutical is administered by injection, an ampoule of sterile water for injection or saline can be provided so that the ingredients can be mixed prior to administration.

Further, the pharmaceutical formulation can be provided as a pharmaceutical kit comprising (a) a container containing a IL-36R binding agent (e.g., an anti-IL-36R antibody) in lyophilized form and (b) a second container containing a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent (e.g., sterile water) for injection. The pharmaceutically acceptable diluent can be used for reconstitution or dilution of the lyophilized anti-IL-36R antibody or agent. Optionally associated with such container(s) can be a notice in the form prescribed by a governmental agency regulating the manufacture, use or sale of pharmaceuticals or biological products, which notice reflects approval by the agency of manufacture, use or sale for human administration.

The amount of the IL-36R binding agent (e.g., anti-IL-36R antibody) that is effective in the treatment or prevention of an immunological disorder or cancer can be determined by standard clinical techniques. In addition, in vitro assays may optionally be employed to help identify optimal dosage ranges. The precise dose to be employed in the formulation will also depend on the route of administration, and the stage of immunological disorder or cancer, and should be decided according to the judgment of the practitioner and each patient's circumstances.

In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical formulations comprising the IL-36R binding agent can further comprise a therapeutic agent, either conjugated or unconjugated to the binding agent. The anti-IL-36R antibody or IL-36R binding agent can be co-administered in combination with one or more therapeutic agents for the treatment or prevention of immunological disorders or cancers.

Such combination therapy administration can have an additive or synergistic effect on disease parameters (e.g., severity of a symptom, the number of symptoms, or frequency of relapse).

With respect to therapeutic regimens for combinatorial administration, in a specific embodiment, an anti-IL-36R antibody or IL-36R binding agent is administered concurrently with a therapeutic agent. In another specific embodiment, the therapeutic agent is administered prior or subsequent to administration of the anti-IL-36R antibody or IL-36R binding agent, by at least an hour and up to several months, for example at least an hour, five hours, 12 hours, a day, a week, a month, or three months, prior or subsequent to administration of the anti-IL-36R antibody or IL-36R binding agent.

Articles of Manufacture

In another aspect, an article of manufacture containing materials useful for the treatment of the disorders described above is included. The article of manufacture comprises a container and a label. Suitable containers include, for example, bottles, vials, syringes, and test tubes. The containers may be formed from a variety of materials such as glass or plastic. The container holds a formulation that is effective for treating the condition and may have a sterile access port. For example, the container may be an intravenous solution bag or a vial having a stopper pierceable by a hypodermic injection needle. The active agent in the formulation is the humanized anti-IL-36R antibody. The label on or associated with the container indicates that the formulation is used for treating the condition of choice. The article of manufacture may further comprise a second container comprising a pharmaceutically-acceptable buffer, such as phosphate-buffered saline, Ringer's solution, and dextrose solution. It may further include other materials desirable from a commercial and user standpoint, including other buffers, diluents, filters, needles, syringes, and package inserts with instructions for use.

The invention is further described in the following examples, which are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

EXAMPLES Example 1 Conformational and Colloidal Stability (pH and Buffer Screening)

Thermal stability in the pH range of 5.5 to 6.5 was evaluated by monitoring the temperature of unfolding (T(h)) using DSF (Differential Scanning Fluorimetry). The T(h) is the temperature of hydrophobic exposure, which is analogous to and reported here as the Tm, thus denoting the temperature of protein unfolding. The samples were diluted with the respective buffers to a target concentration of 0.5 mg/mL for use in thermal stability screening by DSF.

The colloidal stability of the formulations was assessed by DLS (Dynamic Light Scattering). The diffusion coefficient of an antibody of the present invention was measured at several different protein concentrations in different buffers.

The results from the DSF analysis for the pH/buffer screen showed a clear impact of pH on the thermal unfolding temperature Tm. Thermal stability data indicated that the conformational stability was slightly increasing with increasing pH. Table 1 shows the buffers that were evaluated and the corresponding Tm in the respective buffers.

TABLE 1 pH/Buffer Screen: Tm Values Determined by DSF Studies Buffer T_(m) (° C.) Histidine pH 6.5 71 Phosphate pH 6.5 71 Succinate pH 6.4 71 Citrate pH 6.5 70 Succinate pH 6.0 70 Citrate pH 6.0 70 Histidine pH 6.0 69 Acetate pH 5.5 69

The colloidal stability screening study (FIG. 1) showed the surprising results that formulations of an anti-IL-36R antibody (as disclosed herein) in pH 5.5 (25 mM acetate), and pH 6.0 (25 mM histidine) exhibited the most promising properties (minimized protein-protein interaction and highest degree of diffusivity). The colloidal screening assay predicted that acetate (pH 5.5) and histidine (pH 6.0) should have the least amount of protein-protein interactions. The colloidal stability screening study was conducted for the anti-IL-36R antibody at concentrations of 5-20 mg/mL.

Example 2 Chemical Stability Study (2 Weeks at 40° C.)

The chemical stability of an anti-IL-36R antibody of the present invention was evaluated as a function of pH/buffer. Samples were prepared at 80 mg/mL in the pH range of 5.5 to 6.5. Samples were filled with 1 mL in 2 mL glass vials. The samples were incubated at 40° C. for 14 days. Samples were evaluated by i.a. visual assessment, protein concentration (A280), HP-SEC (High Performance Size Exclusion Chromatography) for the determination of monomer content and aggregate formation, and CEX (cation exchange chromatography) for the measurement of charge variants as APGs (acidic peak groups), BPGs (basic peak groups) and the main peak.

The visual assessment of the samples showed that most of the samples became turbid at the end of 14 days. Surprisingly, only samples in 25 mM acetate pH 5.5 remained clear after 14 days at 40° C.

HP-SEC indicated that the most favorable buffer in terms of % main peak remaining after 14 days was 25 mM acetate pH 5.5 (98.5%), followed by 25 mM citrate pH 6.5 (97.5%) and 25 mM citrate pH 6.0 (97.1%). Main peak data after 14 days at 40° C. of further buffers as histidine pH 6.0, phosphate 6.5 and succinate pH 6.4 were between 88.9 to 91.9%.

The CEX data after 14 days at 40° C. indicated the highest % main peak in 25 mM acetate pH 5.5 (54.0%), compared to the other tested buffers (33.3%-44.5%).

The CEX data after 14 days at 40° C. indicated the lowest % acidic peak in 25 mM acetate pH 5.5 (38.1%), compared to the other tested buffers (as high as 58.1%). This buffer had also comparable performance to the other buffers in terms of minimizing the appearance of basic species.

Based on the results obtained by visual assessment, and HP-SEC and CEX, 25 mM acetate pH 5.5 appeared to be the most favorable formulation buffer after the 14 day accelerated stability study.

Although the Tm was lowest for pH 5.5 in the thermal screening study, it was concluded that the conformational stability would be improved by the addition of excluded solute stabilizers (e.g. sucrose). Hence, 25 mM acetate pH 5.5 was selected to be the buffer of choice for an anti-IL-36R antibody of the present invention.

Example 3 Surfactant Study

This working example was conducted to optimize the concentration of polysorbate 20 in four different formulations containing 25 mM acetate at pH 5.5 (Table 2). Samples were filled into 2 mL glass vials (1 mL per vial).

TABLE 2 Formulations Evaluated in Surfactant Optimization Study Formulation Formulation Formulation Formulation Formulation Matrix 1 2 3 4 An anti-IL-36R 150 mg/mL 150 mg/mL 150 mg/mL 150 mg/mL antibody (as disclosed herein) Acetate 25 mM 25 mM 25 mM 25 mM Sucrose 200 mM 200 mM 200 mM 200 mM Polysorbate 20 0% (w/v) 0.02% (w/v) 0.04% (w/v) 0.06% (w/v)

The following experiments were conducted for the surfactant study: freeze-thaw stability, agitation stability. The following assays were used to analyze samples generated from different experiments: i.a. HP-SEC and subvisible particles.

Freeze-Thaw Stability Study

A solution of an anti-IL-36R antibody of the present invention was frozen in glass vials at −40° C. for 24 hours, followed by thawing at room temperature for 2 hours. This procedure was repeated for up to 3 times. The samples were then analyzed by i.a. HP-SEC.

Surprisingly, HP-SEC results showed that formulations with 0.06% polysorbate 20 had elevated levels of high molecular weight species after three freeze-thaw cycles (FIG. 2), relative to other formulations with lower concentrations of polysorbate 20. Those formulations with polysorbate 20 concentrations between 0 and 0.04% performed equally well and slightly better than the formulation with 0.06% polysorbate 20.

Agitation Stability

The agitation study was performed with a shaker at room temperature for 48 hours. Analysis was performed by i.a. HP-SEC and flow imaging microscopy to measure sub-visible particle (SVP) content.

HP-SEC results indicated a slight increase in aggregation when polysorbate 20 was not present (FIG. 3). All other formulations had similar aggregate levels at each sampling point.

Surprisingly, SVP results showed the formulation with 0.04% PS20 to have the lowest number of subvisible particles after agitation for 48 hours (Table 3).

TABLE 3 SVP results for agitation stability (surfactant optimization) Particles/mL Diameter Diameter 25 μm and Sample Name 10-25 μm larger 0% polysorbate 20 agitation (48 hours) 3854 277 0.02% polysorbate 20 agitation (48 hours) 1178 149 0.04% polysorbate 20 agitation (48 hours) 139 15 0.06% polysorbate 20 agitation (48 hours) 273 36

Raising the concentration of polysorbate 20 above 0.04% (w/v) resulted unexpectedly in a slight increase in sample aggregation of freeze-thaw samples. On the other hand, agitation studies showed that removing polysorbate 20 resulted in slightly higher aggregation. Additionally after agitation, SVP were higher at polysorbate 20 concentrations above and below 0.04% (w/v), which was not expected. Based on these results, the final concentration of polysorbate 20 was chosen to be 0.04% (w/v). Additionally studies showed that 0.04% (w/v) polysorbate 20 were also feasible for solution containing 60 mg/mL protein.

Example 4 Final Formulation Screening Study

Based on the initial screening data, six candidate formulations (Table 4) were chosen to be tested in the final formulation screening with an anti-IL-36R antibody of the present invention at 150 mg/mL. Arginine HCl and NaCl were added to evaluate their potential to reduce protein-protein interactions. Reduction of protein-protein interactions can reduce aggregation and decrease viscosity.

TABLE 4 Formulation Compositions for Final Formulation Screening Polysorbate Further Formulation Sugar 20 Buffer pH excipients F1 200 mM 0.04% 45 mM 5.5 — sucrose acetate F2 150 mM 0.04% 45 mM 5.5 25 mM sucrose acetate arginine HCl F3 150 mM 0.04% 45 mM 5.5 25 mM NaCl sucrose acetate F4 200 mM 0.04% 45 mM 5.5 — trehalose acetate F5 150 mM 0.04% 45 mM 5.5 25 mM trehalose acetate arginine HCl F6 150 mM 0.04% 45 mM 5.5 25 mM NaCl trehalose acetate

The following experiments were conducted for the final formulation screening of the six candidate formulations: Eight Weeks Accelerated Stability Study, Freeze-Thaw Stability, Agitation Stability and Photo Stability.

Eight Weeks Accelerated Stability Study

The protein concentration for all the formulations was 150 mg/mL, measured values for concentration fell within 155-166 mg/mL. The samples were filled into 2 mL glass vials (1 mL per vial). The acetate concentration was 45 mM. Samples were stored at three different temperatures (5° C., 25° C., 40° C.). The samples were analyzed by the following assays: i.a. subvisible particles, HP-SEC, IL-36R-Binding (potency), Non-Reduced CGE (capillary gel electrophoresis to detect fragments) and icIEF (imaged capillary isoelectric focusing to measure charge variants.) Subvisible Particles (SVP)

The monitoring of subvisible particles in candidate formulations was performed by flow imaging microscopy. Surprisingly, for samples stored at 5, 25, and 40° C., no clear trends were observed in the counts of particles with diameter 10-25 μm or 25 μm and larger. In both categories, all six formulations showed similar results with low sub-visible particle counts at the end of the eight week study.

icIEF

A generic charge profile for an anti-IL-36R antibody of the present invention display acidic, basic, and main peak groups. The charge variants of an anti-IL-36R antibody of the present invention after 8 weeks at 40° C. appeared to trend very similarly between the formulations.

Non-Reduced CGE

In order to assess the fragmentation and disulfide bond reduction of an anti-IL-36R antibody of the present invention formulations upon storage, results from non-reduced capillary gel electrophoresis were evaluated. A similar degree of fragmentation and disulfide bond reduction (% LMW) was observed for all the formulations at the three storage temperatures.

HP-SEC

The stability of formulations with respect to aggregation (% HMW) in candidate formulations was assessed by HP-SEC. F2 and F5 exhibited lower % HMW after 8 weeks at 25° C. and 40° C. (FIG. 4).

Potency

The potency of an antibody of the anti-IL-36R present invention formulation candidates was assessed using a binding assay. Remarkably, the potency of all six formulations appears stable even after storage at 40° C. for eight weeks.

Freeze-Thaw Stability of Candidate Formulations

An anti-IL-36R antibody of the present invention solution (1 mL) was filled into 2 mL glass vials (1 mL per vial) and frozen at −40° C., followed by thawing at room temperature. This procedure was repeated for a total of 3 cycles. The following assays were utilized for analysis: visual assessment, pH, protein concentration, HP-SEC, Non-Reduced CGE, and subvisible particles.

Notably, all results of the analytical methods revealed that the six formulations performed equally well.

Agitation Stability of Candidate Formulations

The solution of an anti-IL-36R antibody of the present invention was filled into 2 mL glass vials (1 mL per vial). Samples were shaken for 48 h at room temperature. The samples were analyzed by: i.a. pH, protein concentration, visual assessment, HP-SEC, Non-Reduced CGE, and icIEF.

Surprisingly, agitation did not have any impact on the performance of the six formulations in the assessed analytical results.

Photo Stability of Candidate Formulations

The six formulations were filled into 2 mL glass vials (1 mL per vial), stoppered, and capped. The vials were placed at room temperature at a light intensity of approximately 1100 lux for 5 days. The samples were analyzed using the following assays: visual assessment, protein concentration, pH, HP-SEC, icIEF, and Non-Reduced CGE.

The results of visual assessment, pH, protein concentration, icIEF and Non-Reduced CGE showed that there was no impact of light exposure for any of the formulations tested.

A slight impact on main peak content in HP-SEC was observed, but the decrease was lowest for F5 after 5 days at room temperature and light exposure (Table 5). In principle all formulations were unexpectedly stable against light exposure.

TABLE 5 % Main Peak from Photo stability Study by HP-SEC Formulation F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 5 days with light 99.0 99.0 98.8 99.0 99.4 98.9

Summary of Final Formulation Screening Study

Surprisingly, evaluation of the data from the eight-weeks accelerated stability study showed that all the formulations performed equally well when assessed by various assays. The only exception to this was that formulation F2 and F5 appeared slightly more stable than the other formulations regarding high molecular weight species after eight weeks of storage, particularly at 25 and 40° C. This indicates that arginine imparts a positive impact by reducing protein-protein interaction for an anti-IL-36R antibody of the present invention, thereby reducing aggregation propensity. Furthermore, F5 showed slightly less loss of main peak in the photo exposure study.

Example 5 Viscosity of Different Proteins and Formulations

Lower viscosity of protein formulations is beneficial especially for home use and self-administration by patients themselves. Protein solution with lower viscosity can be injected comfortably. Additionally based on low viscosity thin syringe needles could be used and the injection force is still acceptable. Due to the thin needles injection pain is reduced.

However high concentrated protein solutions typically show high viscosity.

Viscosity data of different proteins and formulations at 20° C. are shown in FIG. 5. The data were generated with a Thermo Scientific Haake rheometer (Mars III) and a plate and cone measuring geometry. Examples of different proteins with protein concentration from 145 to 189 mg/mL are added. Data are illustrated on the X-axis with increasing protein concentration. Additionally the viscosity data for anti-IL-36R antibody at 60 mg/mL is exemplarily added in order the show the effect of protein concentration on viscosity (lower protein concentration results in lower viscosity). Compared to typical high concentrated protein solutions, anti-IL-36R antibody solutions have unexpected low viscosity values.

Example 6 Final Formulation Long-Term Stability Study

Two formulations (Table 6) were chosen to be tested in a long-term stability study. Two formulations with an anti-IL-36R antibody of the present invention were held at 5° C. for at least 30 months.

TABLE 6 Formulation Compositions for Long-term Stability Study Anti-IL-36R Further Formu- antibody ex- lation concentration Sugar Surfactant Buffer pH cipients F1  20 mg/mL 200 mM Polysorbate 25 mM 6.5 NA sucrose 80 at 0.04% citrate F2 150 mg/mL 150 mM Polysorbate 45 mM 5.5 25 mM sucrose 20 at 0.04% acetate arginine HCl

30 Months Stability Study

The stability of each formulation was monitored at 0, 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, 24 and 30 or 36 months. The samples were analyzed by the following assays: i.a. subvisible particles, HP-SEC, IL-36R-Binding (potency), Non-Reduced CGE (capillary gel electrophoresis to detect fragments) and icIEF (imaged capillary isoelectric focusing to measure charge variants.)

Subvisible Particles (SVP)

The monitoring of subvisible particles in candidate formulations was performed by flow light obscuration. Surprisingly, for samples stored for 30 months at 5° C., low numbers of particles were observed with diameter 10-25 μm or 25 μm and larger for both F1 and F2 after at least 30 months of storage at 5° C. (data not shown).

icIEF

A generic charge profile for an anti-IL-36R antibody of the present invention display acidic, basic, and main peak groups. There was very little change in the charge profile after at least 30 months of storage at 5° C. for both F1 and F2 (data not shown).

Non-Reduced CGE

In order to assess the fragmentation and disulfide bond reduction of an anti-IL-36R antibody of the present invention formulations upon storage, results from non-reduced capillary gel electrophoresis were evaluated. Very low levels of fragmentation and disulfide bond reduction (% LMW) were observed after at least 30 months of storage at 5° C. for both F1 and F2 (data not shown).

HP-SEC

The stability of formulations with respect to aggregation (% HMW) was assessed by HP-SEC. Surprisingly, F1 and F2 exhibited very low % HMW after at least 30 months of storage at 5° C. (FIG. 6).

Potency

The potency of an antibody of the anti-IL-36R present invention formulation candidates was assessed using a binding assay. Remarkably, the potency of F1 and F2 appears stable even after at least 30 months of storage at 5° C. (data not shown).

Summary of Long-term Stability Studies

Evaluation of the data from the 30-month stability study showed that both F1 and F2 performed equally well when assessed by various assays. Remarkably, formulations showed very low % HMW content after at least 30 months of storage.

Example 7 Accelerated Stability Study

Two formulations (Table 7) were chosen to be tested in a stability study under stress conditions. Two formulations with an anti-IL-36R antibody of the present invention were held at 40° C. for up to three months in 10 mL glass vials (8 mL per vial). Formulation F2 represents a reference formulation that can be used for parenteral administration.

TABLE 7 Formulation Composition for Accelerated Stability Study Formulation Matrix Formulation F1 Formulation F2 Anti-IL-36R 60 mg/mL 60 mg/mL antibody concentration Acetate 45 mM 0 mM Citrate 0 mM 25 mM Sucrose 150 mM 0 mM L-Arginine HCl 25 mM 0 mM PS20 0.04% (w/v) 0.04% (w/v) pH 5.5 6.5

Turbidity

The stability of the two formulations was monitored at 0, 1, and 3 months. The samples were analyzed by measurement of turbidity. Turbidity was analyzed by 90° light scattering with a Hach Lange TL2350 turbidity meter at 400-600 nm. The data is shown in FIG. 7. Formulation F2 showed an at least twice as high turbidity result as Formulation F1. Formulation F1 surprisingly exhibited a very low turbidity from the initial sampling time point over the course of the study up to three months.

HP-SEC

The stability of formulations with respect to aggregation (% HMW) was assessed by HP-SEC. The data is depicted in FIG. 8. Unexpectedly, the Formulation F1 exhibited a very low % HMW from the initial sampling time point on over the course of the study up to three months, compared to the reference Formulation F2. The % HMW is at least 45% higher for the reference Formulation F2 compared to the Formulation F1.

Summary of Accelerated Stability Study

Evaluation of the data from the three months stability study under stress conditions at 40° C. showed at least twice as high turbidity results of reference Formulation F2 in correlation to Formulation F1. Furthermore, the Formulation F1 exhibited a very low % HMW from the initial sampling time point over the course of the study up to three months, compared to the reference Formulation F2.

Example 8 Stability Lyophilized Formulation

The stability of the lyophilized formulation in 6 mL glass vials with 2.5 mL of an anti-IL-36R antibody formulation (Table 8) using a standard lyophilization process was evaluated. The samples were stored at 40° C. for up to 6 months.

TABLE 8 Formulation Composition Anti-IL-36R antibody Further concentration Sugar Surfactant Buffer pH excipients 60 mg/mL 160 mM Polysorbate 20 25 mM 6.0 20 mM sucrose at 0.02% (w/v) histidine mannitol

The stability of the formulation was monitored prior to lyophilization, directly after lyophilization and reconstitution, as well as after 1, 3 and 6 months of storage at 40° C. The samples were analyzed by the following assays: i.a. turbidity, subvisible particles and aggregate levels by HP-SEC.

Turbidity

Turbidity was measured by 90° light scattering (A=400-600 nm) with a Hach Lange TL2350 turbidity meter. The tested formulation exhibited a low turbidity that was not impacted by the lyophilization step. Surprisingly, the turbidity value did not increase after 6 months of storage at 40° C. (FIG. 9).

HP-SEC

Besides, the stability of the powder formulation with respect to aggregation (% HMW) was performed by HP-SEC. Freeze-concentration and stresses at the ice-water interface arising during lyophilization did unexpectedly not lead to the formation of protein aggregates. Moreover, the powder formulation showed very low % HMW after at least 6 months of storage at 40° C. (FIG. 10).

Summary Stability Lyophilized Formulation

Evaluation of the data from this study surprisingly showed the feasibility to lyophilize an anti-IL36R antibody formulation without any impact on protein quality. Furthermore, the subsequent stability study under stressed conditions at 40° C. confirmed the extraordinary stability of the anti-IL-36R antibody in the aforementioned powder formulation.

The foregoing description is provided to enable a person skilled in the art to practice the various configurations described herein. While the subject technology has been particularly described with reference to the various figures and configurations, it should be understood that these are for illustration purposes only and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the subject technology.

Throughout this application, various publications (patent or non-patent literature) are referenced. The disclosures of these publications in their entireties are hereby incorporated by reference into this application in order to more fully describe the state of the art to which this pertains. The references disclosed are also individually and specifically incorporated by reference herein for the material contained in them that is discussed in the sentence in which the reference is relied upon. 

1. A pharmaceutical formulation comprising: a. An anti-IL-36R antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof present at a concentration within the range from about 0.5 mg/mL to about 220 mg/mL; b. A buffer present at a concentration within the range from about 20 mM to about 80 mM; c. A tonicifying agent present at a concentration within the range from about 100 mM to about 250 mM; wherein the formulation is characterized by a pH within the range from about 5 to about 8 when in aqueous form.
 2. The pharmaceutical formulation of claim 1, wherein the formulation is in liquid or powder form.
 3. The pharmaceutical formulation of claim 1, wherein the anti-IL-36R antibody is present at a concentration of within the range from about 10 mg/mL to about 200 mg/mL.
 4. The pharmaceutical formulation of claim 1, wherein the anti-IL-36R antibody is present at a concentration of about 20 mg/mL.
 5. The pharmaceutical formulation of claim 1, wherein the anti-IL-36R antibody is present at a concentration of about 60 mg/mL.
 6. The pharmaceutical formulation of claim 1, wherein the anti-IL-36R antibody is present at a concentration of about 150 mg/mL.
 7. The pharmaceutical formulation of claim 1, wherein the buffer comprises histidine, phosphate, succinate, citrate, acetate or TRIS.
 8. The pharmaceutical formulation of claim 7, wherein the buffer comprises citrate or acetate.
 9. The pharmaceutical formulation of claim 7, wherein the buffer comprises histidine.
 10. The pharmaceutical formulation of claim 8, wherein the buffer comprises acetate.
 11. The pharmaceutical formulation of claim 1, wherein the tonicifying agent is one or more sugar and/or polyol.
 12. The pharmaceutical formulation of claim 11, wherein the tonicifying agent is one or more sugar and/or polyol comprising sucrose, trehalose, sorbitol, glycerol, mannitol or dextrose.
 13. The pharmaceutical formulation of claim 12, wherein the tonicifying agent comprises sucrose or trehalose.
 14. The pharmaceutical formulation of claim 13, wherein the tonicifying agent comprises sucrose.
 15. The pharmaceutical formulation of claim 13, wherein the tonicifying agent comprises trehalose.
 16. The pharmaceutical formulation of claim 1, wherein the formulation further comprises a stabilizer present at a concentration within the range from about 0 mM to about 80 mM.
 17. The pharmaceutical formulation of claim 16, wherein the stabilizer comprises an amino acid comprising arginine, histidine, glycine, cysteine, proline, methionine, lysine, aspartate, glutamate or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
 18. The pharmaceutical formulation of claim 16, wherein the stabilizer comprises L-arginine or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
 19. The pharmaceutical formulation of claim 11, wherein the formulation further comprises a salt present at a concentration of within the range from about 0 to about 150 mM.
 20. The pharmaceutical formulation of claim 19, wherein the salt comprises sodium chloride (NaCl), magnesium chloride (MgCl₂), magnesium sulfate (MgSO₄), potassium chloride (KCl), lithium chloride (LiCl), calcium chloride (CaCl₂), boric acid salts or zinc chloride (ZnCl₂).
 21. The pharmaceutical formulation of claim 19, wherein the salt comprises sodium chloride (NaCl).
 22. The pharmaceutical formulation of claim 1, wherein the formulation further comprises a surfactant present at a concentration within the range from about 0.1 g/L to about 1.5 g/L.
 23. The pharmaceutical formulation of claim 22, wherein the surfactant comprises poloxamer 188, polysorbate 20, polysorbate 40, polysorbate 60 or polysorbate
 80. 24. The pharmaceutical formulation of claim 22, wherein the surfactant comprises polysorbate 20, polysorbate 40, polysorbate 60 or polysorbate
 80. 25. The pharmaceutical formulation of claim 22, wherein the surfactant comprises polysorbate
 20. 26. The pharmaceutical formulation of claim 22, wherein the surfactant comprises polysorbate
 80. 27. A pharmaceutical formulation comprising: a. an anti-IL-36R antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof present at a concentration within the range from about 10 mg/mL to about 200 mg/mL; b. acetate and/or histidine buffer present at a concentration within the range from about 20 mM to about 80 mM; c. sucrose and/or trehalose present at a concentration within the range from about 100 mM to about 250 mM; d. L-arginine and/or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof present at a concentration within the range from about 0 mM to about 80 mM; e. sodium chloride (NaCl) present at a concentration of within the range from about 0 to about 150 mM; and f. polysorbate 20 and/or polysorbate 80 present at a concentration within the range from about 0 g/L to about 1.5 g/L; wherein the formulation is characterized by a pH within the range from about 5 to about 7 when in aqueous form.
 28. A pharmaceutical formulation comprising: a. an anti-IL-36R antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof present at a concentration of about 20 mg/mL; b. an citrate buffer present at a concentration at a concentration of about 25 mM; c. sucrose and/or trehalose present at a concentration of about 200 mM; d. polysorbate 80 present at a concentration of about 0.4 g/L; wherein the formulation is characterized by a pH within the range from about 6 to about 7 when in aqueous form.
 29. A pharmaceutical formulation comprising: a. an anti-IL-36R antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof present at a concentration of about 60 mg/mL; b. an acetate buffer present at a concentration of about 45 mM; c. sucrose and/or trehalose present at a concentration of about 150 mM; d. L-arginine or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof present at a concentration of about 25 mM; and e. polysorbate 20 present at a concentration of about 0.4 g/L; wherein the formulation is characterized by a pH within the range from about 5 to about 6 when in aqueous form.
 30. A pharmaceutical formulation comprising: a. an anti-IL-36R antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof present at a concentration of about 150 mg/mL; b. an acetate buffer present at a concentration at a concentration of about 45 mM; c. sucrose or trehalose present at a concentration of about 150 mM; d. L-arginine or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof present at a concentration of about 25 mM; and e. polysorbate 20 present at a concentration of about 0.4 g/L; wherein the formulation is characterized by a pH within the range from about 5 to about 6 when in aqueous form.
 31. The pharmaceutical formulation of claim 1, wherein the formulation is characterized by an osmolality within the range from about 210 mOsmol/kg to about 390 mOsm/kg.
 32. The pharmaceutical formulation of claim 1, wherein less than about 5% of the antibody is present in an aggregate form in the formulation.
 33. The pharmaceutical formulation of claim 1, wherein the formulation is sterile.
 34. The pharmaceutical formulation of claim 1, wherein the formulation is stable upon freezing and thawing.
 35. The pharmaceutical formulation of claim 1, wherein the formulation comprises water or is reconstituted with water.
 36. The pharmaceutical formulation of claim 1, wherein the formulation has a pH of between about 5 to about 6 in liquid form or when reconstituted with water.
 37. The pharmaceutical formulation of claim 1, wherein the formulation has a pH of about 6 in liquid or when reconstituted with water.
 38. The pharmaceutical formulation of claim 1, wherein the formulation has at least one feature selected from the group consisting of: (i) Increased shelf life (ii) better temperature stability, (iii) decreased formation of aggregates, (iv) better chemical stability, (v) decreased viscosity, and as compared to a reference formulation.
 39. The pharmaceutical formulation of claim 1, wherein the formulation having at least one feature selected from the group consisting of: (a) decreased percentage of aggregates as measured by High Performance Size Exclusion Chromatography (HP-SEC), (b) higher percentage of monomers as measured by HP-SEC, (c) higher percentage of main peak (less degradation of charge variants) measured by CEX, (d) lower percentage of subvisible particles such as ≥10 μm and ≥25 μm, and (e) lower turbidity value in Formazine Nephelometry Units (FNU), after storage at about 40° C. as compared to the reference formulation.
 40. A pharmaceutical product comprising a vial or syringe comprising the pharmaceutical formulation according to claim
 1. 41. A pharmaceutical product according to claim 40 further comprising a pre-assembled injection device.
 42. The pharmaceutical product of claim 41, wherein the pre-assembled injection device is an autoinjector or needle safety device.
 43. A pre-assembled injection device comprising a pharmaceutical formulation according to claim
 1. 44. The pre-assembled injection device according to claim 43, wherein said device is an autoinjector or needle safety device or a syringe.
 45. The pre-assembled injection device according to claim 43, wherein said formulation is suitable for subcutaneous administration or intramuscular administration.
 46. A kit of parts, comprising at least a container comprising a pharmaceutical formulation according to claim 1, and an injection device.
 47. The kit of claim 46, comprising an instruction for subcutaneous or intramuscular administration of the formulation to a subject or an instruction for subcutaneous or intramuscular self-administration.
 48. The pharmaceutical formulation of claim 1, wherein the anti-IL-36R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises: a. a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 26 (L-CDR1); the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 35, 102, 103, 104, 105106 or 140 (L-CDR2); the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 44 (L-CDR3); and a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 53 (H-CDR1); the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 62, 108, 109, 110 or 111 (H-CDR2); the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 72 (H-CDR3); or b. a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 26 (L-CDR1); the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 102 (L-CDR2); the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 44 (L-CDR3); and a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 53 (H-CDR1); the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 62, 108, 109, 110 or 111 (H-CDR2); the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 72 (H-CDR3); or c. a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 26 (L-CDR1); the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 103 (L-CDR2); the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 44 (L-CDR3); and a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 53 (H-CDR1); the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 62, 108, 109, 110 or 111 (H-CDR2); the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 72 (H-CDR3); or d. a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 26 (L-CDR1); the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 104 (L-CDR2); the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 44 (L-CDR3); and a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 53 (H-CDR1); the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 62, 108, 109, 110 or 111 (H-CDR2); the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 72 (H-CDR3); or e. a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 26 (L-CDR1); the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 105 (L-CDR2); the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 44 (L-CDR3); and a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 53 (H-CDR1); the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 62, 108, 109, 110 or 111 (H-CDR2); the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 72 (H-CDR3); or f. a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 26 (L-CDR1); the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 106 (L-CDR2); the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 44 (L-CDR3); and a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 53 (H-CDR1); the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 62, 108, 109, 110 or 111 (H-CDR2); the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 72 (H-CDR3); or g. a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 26 (L-CDR1); the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 140 (L-CDR2); the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 44 (L-CDR3); and a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 53 (H-CDR1); the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 62, 108, 109, 110 or 111 (H-CDR2); the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 72 (H-CDR3).
 49. The pharmaceutical formulation of claim 1, wherein the antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NO: 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82 or 83; and a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NO: 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94 or
 95. 50. The pharmaceutical formulation of claim 1, wherein the anti-IL-36R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises: a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 77; and a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 87; or a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 77; and a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 88; or a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 77; and a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 89; or a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 80; and a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 87; or a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 80; and a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 88; or a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 80; and a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:
 89. 51. The pharmaceutical formulation of claim 1, wherein the anti-IL-36R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NO: 84, 85 or 86; and a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NO: 96, 97, 98, 99, 100 or
 101. 52. The pharmaceutical formulation of claim 1, wherein the anti-IL-36R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises: a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 85; and a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 100; or a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 85; and a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:101; or a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 86; and a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 100; or a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 86; and a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:101.
 53. The pharmaceutical formulation of claim 1, wherein the anti-IL-36R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NO: 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120 or 121; and a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NO: 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131,132 or
 133. 54. The pharmaceutical formulation of claim 1, wherein the anti-IL-36R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises: a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 115; and a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 125; a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 115; and a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 126; a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 115; and a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 127; a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 118; and a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 125; a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 118; and a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 126; or a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 118; and a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:
 127. 55. The pharmaceutical formulation of claim 1, wherein the anti-IL-36R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NO: 122, 123 or 124; and a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NO: 134, 135, 136, 137, 138 or
 139. 56. The pharmaceutical formulation of claim 1, wherein the anti-IL-36R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises: a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 123; and a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 138; a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 123; and a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 139; or a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 124; and a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:
 138. 57. The pharmaceutical formulation of claim 1, wherein the anti-IL-36R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises: a) a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 26 (L-CDR1); the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 103 (L-CDR2); the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 44 (L-CDR3); and a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 53 (H-CDR1); the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 62 (H-CDR2); the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 72 (H-CDR3); b) a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 26 (L-CDR1); the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 104 (L-CDR2); the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 44 (L-CDR3); and a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 53 (H-CDR1); the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 62 (H-CDR2); the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 72 (H-CDR3); c) a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 27 (L-CDR1); the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 36 (L-CDR2); the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 45 (L-CDR3); and a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 107 (H-CDR1); the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 63 (H-CDR2); the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 73 (H-CDR3); or d) a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 27 (L-CDR1); the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 36 (L-CDR2); the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 45 (L-CDR3); and a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 107 (H-CDR1); the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 64 (H-CDR2); the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 73 (H-CDR3).
 58. The pharmaceutical formulation of claim 1, wherein the anti-IL-36R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises: a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 21 (L-CDR1); the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 30 (L-CDR2); the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 39 (L-CDR3); and a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 48 (H-CDR1); the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 57 (H-CDR2); the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 67 (H-CDR3); or a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 22 (L-CDR1); the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 31 (L-CDR2); the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 40 (L-CDR3); and a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 49 (H-CDR1); the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 58 (H-CDR2); the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 68 (H-CDR3); or a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 23 (L-CDR1); the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 32 (L-CDR2); the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 41 (L-CDR3); and a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 50 (H-CDR1); the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 59 (H-CDR2); the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 69 (H-CDR3); or a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 24 (L-CDR1); the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 33 (L-CDR2); the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 42 (L-CDR3); and a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 51 (H-CDR1); the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 60 (H-CDR2); the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 70 (H-CDR3); or a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 25 (L-CDR1); the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 34 (L-CDR2); the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 43 (L-CDR3); and a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 52 (H-CDR1); the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 61 (H-CDR2); the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 71 (H-CDR3); or a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 26 (L-CDR1); the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 35 (L-CDR2); the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 44 (L-CDR3); and a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 53 (H-CDR1); the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 62 (H-CDR2); the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 72 (H-CDR3); or a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 27 (L-CDR1); the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 36 (L-CDR2); the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 45 (L-CDR3); and a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 54 (H-CDR1); the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 63 (H-CDR2); the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 73 (H-CDR3); or a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 27 (L-CDR1); the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 36 (L-CDR2); the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 45 (L-CDR3); and a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 54 (H-CDR1); the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 64 (H-CDR2); the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 73 (H-CDR3); or a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 28 (L-CDR1); the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 37 (L-CDR2); the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 46 (L-CDR3); and a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 55 (H-CDR1); the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 65 (H-CDR2); the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 74 (H-CDR3); or a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 29 (L-CDR1); the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 38 (L-CDR2); the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 47 (L-CDR3); and a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 56 (H-CDR1); the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 66 (H-CDR2); the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 75 (H-CDR3).
 59. A pharmaceutical formulation comprising: a. an anti-IL-36R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprising: i. a light chain comprising an amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:118 and a heavy chain comprising an amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:125; or ii. a light chain comprising an amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:118 and a heavy chain comprising an amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:126; or iii. a light chain comprising an amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:118 and a heavy chain comprising an amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:127; wherein the antibody is present at a concentration of about 20 mg/mL, 60 mg/mL or 150 mg/mL; and b. acetate buffer present at a concentration of about 45 mM; c. sucrose present at a concentration of about 150 mM; d. L-arginine HCl present at a concentration of about 25 mM; e. polysorbate 20 present at a concentration of about 0.4 g/L; and wherein the formulation is characterized by a pH within the range from about 5 to about
 6. 60. A powder pharmaceutical formulation wherein when reconstituted with water yields an aqueous solution comprising: a. an anti-IL-36R antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprising: i. a light chain comprising an amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:118 and a heavy chain comprising an amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:125; or ii. a light chain comprising an amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:118 and a heavy chain comprising an amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:126; or iii. a light chain comprising an amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:118 and a heavy chain comprising an amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:127; and b. histidine buffer present at a concentration of about 25 mM; c. sucrose and/or mannitiol present at a concentration of about 180 mM; d. polysorbate 20 present at a concentration of about 0.2 g/L; and wherein the formulation is characterized by a pH within the range from about 5 to about 7 when reconstituted with water.
 61. The powder formulation of claim 60, wherein the antibody is present at a concentration of about 20 mg/mL, 60 mg/mL or 150 mg/mL.
 62. The powder formulation of claim 60, wherein the formulation comprises about 100 mg to about 1500 mg of the antibody and is reconstitutable with water for injection.
 63. A method of making a pharmaceutical formulation comprising: a. culturing mammalian cells having stably incorporated into their genome one or more nucleic acids encoding the light and heavy chains of an anti-IL-36R antibody so that the cells secrete the antibody into the cell culture media, and purifying the antibody from the cell culture media; and b. preparing the formulation according to claim
 1. 64. The method of claim 63, wherein the nucleic acid encoding the light of the anti-IL-36R antibody comprises a nucleotide sequence encoding SEQ ID NO:118, and wherein the nucleic acid encoding the heavy chain of the anti-IL-36R antibody comprises a nucleotide sequence encoding SEQ ID NO:125.
 65. The method of claim 63, wherein the nucleic acid encoding the light of the anti-IL-36R antibody comprises a nucleotide sequence encoding SEQ ID NO:118, and wherein the nucleic acid encoding the heavy chain of the anti-IL-36R antibody comprises a nucleotide sequence encoding SEQ ID NO:126.
 66. The method of claim 63, wherein the nucleic acid encoding the light of the anti-IL-36R antibody comprises a nucleotide sequence encoding SEQ ID NO:118, and wherein the nucleic acid encoding the heavy chain of the anti-IL-36R antibody comprises a nucleotide sequence encoding SEQ ID NO:127.
 67. A pharmaceutical product, comprising: a vial comprising about 100 mg to 1500 mg an anti-IL-36R antibody in powder form; instructions for reconstitution of the anti-IL-36R antibody; and instructions for preparing the reconstituted antibody for infusion, wherein the anti-IL-36R antibody comprises a light chain comprising an amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:118 and a heavy chain comprising an amino acid sequence set forth as any one of SEQ ID Nos:125, 126 or 127; and the reconstitution instructions require reconstitution with water for injection to an extractable volume from 1 to 50 mL.
 68. The pharmaceutical formulation of claim 7, wherein the buffer comprises citrate.
 69. A pharmaceutical formulation comprising: a. An anti-IL-36R antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof present at a concentration within the range from about 0.5 mg/mL to about 220 mg/mL; b. A buffer present at a concentration within the range from about 20 mM to about 80 mM; c. A tonicifying agent present at a concentration within the range from about 100 mM to about 400 mM; wherein the formulation is characterized by a pH within the range from about 5 to about 8 when in aqueous form. 